כִּי כֹה אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאֹות אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר נִתַּךְ אַפִּי וַחֲמָתִי עַל־יֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלִַם כֵּן תִּתַּךְ חֲמָתִי עֲלֵיכֶם בְּבֹאֲכֶם מִצְרָיִם וִהְיִיתֶם לְאָלָה וּלְשַׁמָּה וְלִקְלָלָה וּלְחֶרְפָּה וְלֹא־תִרְאוּ עֹוד אֶת־הַמָּקֹום הַזֶּה׃
For thus says YHWH of Hosts, the God of Yisraʾel: ‘Just as my anger and my wrath were poured out upon the inhabitants of Yerushalayim, so shall my wrath be poured out upon you when you enter Mitsrayim; and you shall be for an oath, for a horror, for a curse, and for a reproach, and you shall see this place no more.’
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces divine reasoning.
- כֹה (koh) – Root: Particle; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Formulaic for prophetic declaration.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Standard prophetic introduction.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Tetragrammaton; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine speaker.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Divine title emphasizing sovereignty over armies.
- אֱלֹהֵי (ʾelohei) – Root: אלוה (ʾeloah); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “the God of”; Notes: Governs Yisraʾel.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Covenant people.
- כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka-asher) – Root: Particle; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “just as”; Notes: Introduces comparison.
- נִתַּךְ (nittakh) – Root: נתך (natakh); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was poured out”; Notes: Passive form, describing wrath as poured.
- אַפִּי (appi) – Root: אף (ʾaf); Form: Noun masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my anger”; Notes: Metonym for divine wrath.
- וַחֲמָתִי (va-ḥamati) – Root: חמה (ḥemah); Form: Noun feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix with waw; Translation: “and my wrath”; Notes: Parallel to anger, intensifying judgment.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Marks target of divine wrath.
- יֹשְׁבֵי (yoshvei) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “inhabitants of”; Notes: Describes those dwelling in Yerushalayim.
- יְרוּשָׁלִַם (Yerushalayim) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: Capital of Judah, center of judgment.
- כֵּן (ken) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Adverb; Translation: “so”; Notes: Marks correspondence in comparison.
- תִּתַּךְ (tittakh) – Root: נתך (natakh); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “shall be poured out”; Notes: Refers to wrath upon them.
- חֲמָתִי (ḥamati) – Root: חמה (ḥemah); Form: Noun feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my wrath”; Notes: Divine fury against disobedience.
- עֲלֵיכֶם (ʿaleikhem) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Target of God’s judgment.
- בְּבֹאֲכֶם (be-voʾakhem) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “when you enter”; Notes: Marks time of action.
- מִצְרָיִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Destination of disobedience, Egypt.
- וִהְיִיתֶם (vi-hyitem) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive; Translation: “and you shall be”; Notes: Consequence of disobedience.
- לְאָלָה (le-ʾalah) – Root: אלה (ʾalah); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for an oath/curse”; Notes: Object of reproach.
- וּלְשַׁמָּה (u-le-shammah) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and for a horror/desolation”; Notes: Sign of destruction.
- וְלִקְלָלָה (ve-liqelalah) – Root: קלל (qalal); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and for a curse”; Notes: Derision by others.
- וּלְחֶרְפָּה (u-leḥerpa) – Root: חרף (ḥeref); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and for a reproach”; Notes: Public shame and disgrace.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Introduces negation.
- תִרְאוּ (tirʾu) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall see”; Notes: Refers to future denial of access.
- עֹוד (ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “again/no more”; Notes: Negated by preceding particle.
- אֶת (ʾet) – Root: Particle; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “(marks object)”; Notes: Marks the place as object of seeing.
- הַמָּקֹום (ha-maqom) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the place”; Notes: Refers to the land of Judah.
- הַזֶּה (ha-zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Qualifies the place being referenced.