Genesis 4:12

כי תעבד את האדמה לא תסף תת כחה לך נע ונד תהיה בארץ׃

Gen 4:12 [Samaritan]
כי תעבד את האדמה לא תוסף תת כחה לך נע ונד תהיה בארץ׃

Gen 4:12 [Masoretic]
כִּי תַֽעֲבֹד אֶת־הָאֲדָמָה לֹֽא־תֹסֵף תֵּת־כֹּחָהּ לָךְ נָע וָנָד תִּֽהְיֶה בָאָֽרֶץ׃
When you work the ground, it shall no longer yield its strength to you; you will be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth.”

Gen 4:12 [Targum Onkelos]
אֲרֵי תִיפְלַח בְּאַרְעָא לָא תוֹסֵיף לְמִיתַּן חֵילָהּ לָךְ מְטַלְטַל וְגָלֵי תְּהֵי בְּאַרְעָא:
When you work the ground, it shall no longer continue to give its strength to you; you will be a wanderer and an exile on the earth.”

Gen 4:12 [Samaritan Targum]
הלא תפלח ית אדמתה לא תוזף למהב לך כחוה כלי וטמי תהי בארעה:
.

Gen 4:12 [Peshitta]
ܟܕ ܬܦܠܘܚ ܒܐܪܥܐ܂ ܠܐ ܬܘܣܦ ܕܬܬܠ ܠܟ ܚܝܠܗܿ܂ ܙܐܥ ܘܢܐܕ ܬܗܘܐ ܒܐܪܥܐ܂
When you work the ground, it shall no longer continue to give its strength to you; you will be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth.”

Gen 4:12 [Septuagint]
Ὅτε ἐργᾷ τὴν γῆν, καὶ οὐ προσθήσει τὴν ἰσχὺν αὐτῆς δοῦναί σοι· στένων καὶ τρέμων ἔσῃ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.
When you work the ground, then it shall no longer continue to give its strength to you; you will be groaning and trembling on the earth.”

Gen 4:12 [Old Latin (Vetus Latina)]
Quoniam operaberis terram, et non adiiciet virtutem suam dare tibi : gemens et tremens eris in terra.
When you work the ground, then it shall not give its strength to you; you shall be groaning and trembling on the earth.”

Gen 4:12 [Vulgate]
Cum operatus fueris eam, non dabit tibi fructus suos : vagus et profugus eris super terram.
When you work it, it shall not yield to you its fruit; a wanderer and a fugitive shall you be on the earth.”

כִּ֤י תַֽעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה לֹֽא־תֹסֵ֥ף תֵּת־כֹּחָ֖הּ לָ֑ךְ נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה בָאָֽרֶץ׃

When you work the ground, it will no longer yield its strength to you. You will be a wanderer and a fugitive on the earth.

Morphology

1. כִּ֤י (kî) – Root: כי (k-y); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “When”; Notes: Introduces the conditional clause.
2. תַֽעֲבֹד֙ (taʿăḇōḏ) – Root: עבד (ʿ-b-d); Form: Qal imperfect, second masculine singular; Translation: “you work”; Notes: Refers to manual labor on the ground.
3. אֶת־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה (ʾeṯ-hāʾăḏāmāh) – Root: אדמה (ʾ-d-m-h); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + noun, singular feminine with definite article ה; Translation: “the ground”; Notes: Indicates the object of labor.
4. לֹֽא־תֹסֵ֥ף (lōʾ-tōsēp) – Root: יסף (y-s-p); Form: Qal imperfect, third feminine singular with negation לֹא; Translation: “it will no longer”; Notes: Describes the cessation of the ground’s productivity.
5. תֵּת־כֹּחָ֖הּ (tēṯ-kōḥāh) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Infinitive construct תֵת + noun, singular masculine with third feminine singular suffix; Translation: “yield its strength”; Notes: Refers to the ground’s ability to produce crops.
6. לָ֑ךְ (lāḵ) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition לְ + second masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of the ground’s labor.
7. נָ֥ע (nāʿ) – Root: נוע (n-w-ʿ); Form: Adjective, singular masculine; Translation: “a wanderer”; Notes: Describes Cain’s state of instability.
8. וָנָ֖ד (wānāḏ) – Root: נדד (n-d-d); Form: Conjunction וָ + adjective, singular masculine; Translation: “and a fugitive”; Notes: Indicates Cain’s unsettled and rootless condition.
9. תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה (tihyeh) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Qal imperfect, second masculine singular; Translation: “you will be”; Notes: Refers to Cain’s future state.
10. בָאָֽרֶץ (bāʾāreṣ) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Form: Noun, singular feminine with preposition ב; Translation: “on the earth”; Notes: Indicates the place of Cain’s wandering.