Genesis 4:6

ויאמר יהוה אל קין למה חרה לך ולמה נפלו פניך׃

Gen 4:6 [Samaritan]
ויאמר יהוה אל קין למה חרה לך ולמה נפלו פניך׃

Gen 4:6 [Masoretic]
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־קָיִן לָמָּה חָרָה לָךְ וְלָמָּה נָפְלוּ פָנֶֽיךָ׃
And YHWH said to Qayin, “Why are you angry? And why is your face downcast?”

Gen 4:6 [Targum Onkelos]
וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְקָיִן לְמָא תְּקוֹף לָךְ וּלְמָא אִיתְכְּבִישׁוּ אַפָּךְ:
And Y^eY^a said to Qayin, “Why are you angry? And why is your face downcast?”

Gen 4:6 [Samaritan Targum]
ואמר יהוה לקין למה אתקף לך ולמה נפלו אפיך:
.

Gen 4:6 [Peshitta]
ܘܐܡܼܪ ܡܪܝܐ ܠܩܐܝܢ܂ ܠܡܢܐ ܐܬܒܐܫ ܠܟ܂ ܘܠܡܢܐ ܐܬܟܡܪ ܐ̈ܦܝܟ܂
And MarYA said to Qayin, “Why are you sad? And why is your face gloomy?”

Gen 4:6 [Septuagint]
Καὶ εἶπεν Kύριος ὁ Θεὸς τῷ Κάιν· Ἵνα τί περίλυπος ἐγένου, καὶ ἵνα τί συνέπεσεν τὸ πρόσωπόν σου;
And the LORD God said to Kain, “Why should you become very sorrowful? And why is your face downcast?”

Gen 4:6 [Old Latin (Vetus Latina)]
Et dixit Dominus Deus ad Cain : Quare tristis factus es et quare concidit vultus tuus
And the LORD said to Cain, “Why are you sad? And why is your countenance fallen?”

Gen 4:6 [Vulgate]
Dixitque Dominus ad eum : Quare iratus es et cur concidit facies tua
And the LORD said to him, “Why are you angry? And why is your face downcast?”

* v.l. iratus : maestus (grieving)

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־קָ֑יִן לָ֚מָּה חָ֣רָה לָ֔ךְ וְלָ֖מָּה נָפְל֥וּ פָנֶֽיךָ׃

And the LORD said to Qayin, “Why are you angry, and why has your face fallen?”

Morphology

1. וַיֹּ֥אמֶר (wayyōmer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past), third masculine singular; Translation: “And said”; Notes: Marks the LORD’s response or question to Qayin.
2. יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (Y-H-W-H); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: Refers to the divine name.
3. אֶל־קָ֑יִן (ʾel-qāyin) – Root: קין (q-y-n); Form: Preposition אֶל + proper noun; Translation: “to Qayin”; Notes: Indicates the direct recipient of the LORD’s words.
4. לָ֚מָּה (lāmmāh) – Root: מה (m-h); Form: Interrogative particle with preposition לְ; Translation: “Why”; Notes: Introduces the first question about Qayin’s anger.
5. חָ֣רָה (ḥārāh) – Root: חרה (ḥ-r-h); Form: Qal perfect, third masculine singular; Translation: “are you angry”; Notes: Refers to Qayin’s emotional state.
6. לָ֔ךְ (lāḵ) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition לְ + second masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Clarifies the subject of the anger.
7. וְלָ֖מָּה (wĕlāmmāh) – Root: מה (m-h); Form: Conjunction וְ + interrogative particle with preposition לְ; Translation: “and why”; Notes: Introduces the second question about Qayin’s dejection.
8. נָפְל֥וּ (nāfĕlū) – Root: נפל (n-p-l); Form: Qal perfect, third masculine plural; Translation: “has fallen”; Notes: Refers to the change in Qayin’s demeanor.
9. פָנֶֽיךָ (pāneḵā) – Root: פנים (p-n-y); Form: Noun, plural masculine with second masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your face”; Notes: Indicates Qayin’s physical expression of his inner emotions.