Genesis 42:23

וְהֵם֙ לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ כִּ֥י שֹׁמֵ֖עַ יֹוסֵ֑ף כִּ֥י הַמֵּלִ֖יץ בֵּינֹתָֽם׃

And they did not know that Yosef understood them, for there was an interpreter between them.

Morphology

1. וְהֵם֙ (vehem) – Root: הֵם (hem); Form: Pronoun, 3mp; Translation: “and they”; Notes: Refers to Yosef’s brothers.
2. לֹ֣א (lo) – Form: Negative particle; Translation: “did not”; Notes: Used to negate the verb “knew.”
3. יָֽדְע֔וּ (yad’u) – Root: יָדַע (yada); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3mp; Translation: “they knew”; Notes: Indicates the brothers’ lack of knowledge about Yosef’s understanding.
4. כִּ֥י (ki) – Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the clause explaining Yosef’s ability to understand.
5. שֹׁמֵ֖עַ (shome’a) – Root: שָׁמַע (shama); Form: Verb, Qal, Participle, ms; Translation: “understood”; Notes: Refers to Yosef’s ability to comprehend their speech.
6. יֹוסֵ֑ף (Yosef) – Root: יֹוסֵף (Yosef); Form: Proper noun, ms; Translation: “Yosef”; Notes: Subject who is understanding the brothers.
7. כִּ֥י (ki) – Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the brothers’ lack of awareness.
8. הַמֵּלִ֖יץ (hamelits) – Root: לוּץ (luts); Form: Noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “the interpreter”; Notes: Refers to the interpreter between Yosef and his brothers.
9. בֵּינֹתָֽם (beinotam) – Root: בֵּין (bein); Form: Preposition with 3mp suffix; Translation: “between them”; Notes: Describes the intermediary position of the interpreter.