דִּ֠בֶּר הָאִ֨ישׁ אֲדֹנֵ֥י הָאָ֛רֶץ אִתָּ֖נוּ קָשֹׁ֑ות וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֹתָ֔נוּ כִּֽמְרַגְּלִ֖ים אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
The man, the lord of the land, spoke with us harshly and treated us as spies of the land.
Morphology
- דִּ֠בֶּר (dibber) – Root: דָּבַר (davar); Form: Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “He spoke”; Notes: Indicates direct speech from the lord of the land.
- הָאִ֨ישׁ (ha’ish) – Root: אִישׁ (ish); Form: Noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “The man”; Notes: Refers to the unidentified Egyptian official, later revealed as Yosef.
- אֲדֹנֵ֥י (adonei) – Root: אֲדוֹן (adon); Form: Noun, ms construct; Translation: “lord of”; Notes: Describes the position of the man as master or ruler.
- הָאָ֛רֶץ (ha’aretz) – Root: אֶרֶץ (eretz); Form: Noun, fs with definite article; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers specifically to Egypt.
- אִתָּ֖נוּ (ittanu) – Root: אֵת (et); Form: Preposition with 1cp suffix; Translation: “with us”; Notes: Indicates the interaction between the man and Yosef’s brothers.
- קָשֹׁ֑ות (kashot) – Root: קָשֶׁה (kasheh); Form: Adjective, fp; Translation: “harshly”; Notes: Describes the manner of speech as severe or strict.
- וַיִּתֵּ֣ן (vayiten) – Root: נָתַן (natan); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “and he treated”; Notes: Shows how the brothers were perceived by the official.
- אֹתָ֔נוּ (otanu) – Root: אֵת (et); Form: Accusative marker with 1cp suffix; Translation: “us”; Notes: Direct object of the verb, referring to Yosef’s brothers.
- כִּֽמְרַגְּלִ֖ים (kimraggelim) – Root: רָגַל (ragal); Form: Noun, mp with prefix כ; Translation: “as spies”; Notes: The man accused the brothers of espionage.
- אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ (et-ha’aretz) – Root: אֶרֶץ (eretz); Form: Noun, fs with accusative marker and definite article; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers again to Egypt, as the place allegedly targeted for espionage.