וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ לֹ֛ו לְבַדֹּ֖ו וְלָהֶ֣ם לְבַדָּ֑ם וְלַמִּצְרִ֞ים הָאֹכְלִים אִתֹּו֙ לְבַדָּ֔ם כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יוּכְל֜וּן הַמִּצְרִ֗ים לֶאֱכֹ֤ל אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִים֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּי־תֹועֵבָ֥ה הִ֖וא לְמִצְרָֽיִם׃
And they set him by himself, and them by themselves, and the Mitsrim (Egyptians) who ate with him by themselves, for the Mitsrim (Egyptians) could not eat bread with the Hebrews, because it is an abomination to Mitsrayim.
Morphology
- וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ (vayasimu) – Root: שִׂים (sim); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “And they set”; Notes: Indicates the act of separating the seating.
- לֹ֛ו (lo) – Root: לֹו (lo); Form: Preposition + pronominal suffix, 3ms; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to Yosef being seated separately.
- לְבַדֹּ֖ו (levado) – Root: בָּדָד (badad); Form: Preposition with pronoun, singular; Translation: “by himself”; Notes: Indicates Yosef’s solitary seating.
- וְלָהֶ֣ם (ve’lahem) – Root: לָהֶם (lehem); Form: Conjunction + preposition with pronoun, 3mp; Translation: “and them”; Notes: Refers to Yosef’s brothers seated separately.
- לְבַדָּ֑ם (levadam) – Root: בָּדָד (badad); Form: Preposition with pronoun, plural; Translation: “by themselves”; Notes: Emphasizes the separate seating of Yosef’s brothers.
- וְלַמִּצְרִ֞ים (ve’lamitzrim) – Root: מִצְרַיִם (Mitzrayim); Form: Noun, mp with conjunction; Translation: “and the Egyptians”; Notes: Refers to Egyptians eating separately.
- הָאֹכְלִים (ha’ochlim) – Root: אָכַל (achal); Form: Participle, Qal, mp; Translation: “who ate”; Notes: Describes the Egyptians eating with Yosef.
- אִתֹּו֙ (itto) – Root: אֵת (et); Form: Preposition with pronoun, 3ms; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Refers to eating in Yosef’s presence.
- לְבַדָּ֔ם (levadam) – Root: בָּדָד (badad); Form: Preposition with pronoun, plural; Translation: “by themselves”; Notes: Highlights the separation of Egyptians from Hebrews.
- כִּי֩ (ki) – Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Explains the reason for the separation.
- לֹ֨א יוּכְל֜וּן (lo yukhlun) – Root: יָכֹל (yakhol); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “they could not”; Notes: Emphasizes the Egyptians’ cultural restriction.
- הַמִּצְרִ֗ים (hamitzrim) – Root: מִצְרַיִם (Mitzrayim); Form: Noun, mp with definite article; Translation: “the Egyptians”; Notes: Refers to the Egyptians specifically.
- לֶאֱכֹ֤ל (le’ekhol) – Root: אָכַל (achal); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “to eat”; Notes: Indicates the act of eating prohibited with Hebrews.
- אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִים֙ (et-ha’ivrim) – Root: עִבְרִי (ivri); Form: Noun, mp with definite article and accusative marker; Translation: “the Hebrews”; Notes: Refers to Hebrews, indicating cultural distinction.
- לֶ֔חֶם (lechem) – Root: לֶחֶם (lechem); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Symbolic of shared meals.
- כִּי־תֹועֵבָ֥ה (ki-toevah) – Root: תּוֹעֵבָה (toevah); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “an abomination”; Notes: Indicates the cultural aversion of Egyptians to eat with Hebrews.
- הִ֖וא (hi) – Root: הוּא (hu); Form: Pronoun, fs; Translation: “it is”; Notes: Refers to the act of eating together as objectionable.
- לְמִצְרָֽיִם (le’mitzrayim) – Root: מִצְרַיִם (Mitzrayim); Form: Proper noun, fs with preposition; Translation: “to Egypt”; Notes: Cultural aversion specific to Egyptians.