וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו הַבְּכֹר֙ כִּבְכֹ֣רָתֹ֔ו וְהַצָּעִ֖יר כִּצְעִרָתֹ֑ו וַיִּתְמְה֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵֽהוּ׃
And they sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright and the youngest according to his youth, and the men looked at each other in astonishment.
Morphology
- וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ (vayeshevu) – Root: יָשַׁב (yashav); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “And they sat”; Notes: Describes the act of the brothers sitting in a specific order.
- לְפָנָ֔יו (lefanav) – Root: פָּנֶה (paneh); Form: Preposition with 3ms suffix; Translation: “before him”; Notes: Indicates their position relative to Yosef.
- הַבְּכֹר֙ (habekhor) – Root: בְּכֹר (bekhor); Form: Noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “the firstborn”; Notes: Refers to the eldest brother’s position.
- כִּבְכֹ֣רָתֹ֔ו (kivkorato) – Root: בְּכֹר (bekhor); Form: Noun, fs construct with 3ms suffix; Translation: “according to his birthright”; Notes: Indicates the arrangement by age.
- וְהַצָּעִ֖יר (vehatsair) – Root: צָעִיר (tsair); Form: Noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “and the youngest”; Notes: Refers to the youngest brother’s position.
- כִּצְעִרָתֹ֑ו (kitsiratov) – Root: צָעִיר (tsair); Form: Noun, fs construct with 3ms suffix; Translation: “according to his youth”; Notes: Describes the arrangement based on age order.
- וַיִּתְמְה֥וּ (vayitmehu) – Root: תָּמַהּ (tamah); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “and they were astonished”; Notes: Expresses the brothers’ surprise at the arrangement.
- הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים (ha’anashim) – Root: אִישׁ (ish); Form: Noun, mp with definite article; Translation: “the men”; Notes: Refers to Yosef’s brothers.
- אִ֥ישׁ (ish) – Root: אִישׁ (ish); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “each man”; Notes: Used to indicate individual reactions.
- אֶל־רֵעֵֽהוּ (el-re’ehu) – Root: רֵעַ (rea); Form: Noun, ms with 3ms suffix; Translation: “to his companion”; Notes: Suggests mutual astonishment among the brothers.