כִּֽי אַתָּ֤ה שַׁלֹּ֨ותָ֙ גֹּויִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים יְשָׁלּ֖וּךָ כָּל־יֶ֣תֶר עַמִּ֑ים מִדְּמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ וַחֲמַס־אֶ֔רֶץ קִרְיָ֖ה וְכָל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ פ
For you have plundered many nations; all the remnant of the peoples shall plunder you, because of the bloods of man and the violence of land, city, and all who dwell in her.
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for / because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the coming judgment.
- אַתָּה (attah) – Root: אתה (attah); Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to the oppressive nation (Babylon).
- שַׁלֹּותָ (shallota) – Root: שׁלל (shalal); Form: Piel perfect 2ms; Translation: “you have plundered”; Notes: Strong intensive sense of violent plundering.
- גֹּויִם (goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Targets oppressed by Babylon’s aggression.
- רַבִּים (rabbim) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Emphasizes widespread destruction.
- יְשָׁלּוּךָ (yeshallukha) – Root: שׁלל (shalal); Form: Piel imperfect 3mp + suffix 2ms; Translation: “shall plunder you”; Notes: Divine reversal of roles—the plunderer becomes plundered.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Introduces a totalizing expression.
- יֶתֶר (yeter) – Root: יתר (yatar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “remnant”; Notes: Survivors of the nations Babylon attacked.
- עַמִּים (ʿammim) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “peoples”; Notes: Parallel to “nations,” emphasizing multi-ethnic scope.
- מִדְּמֵי (middemei) – Root: דם (dam); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “because of the bloods of”; Notes: “Bloods” stresses repeated killings.
- אָדָם (adam) – Root: אדם (adam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “man / humanity”; Notes: Refers to human life unjustly taken.
- וַחֲמַס־ (va-ḥamas) – Root: חמס (ḥamas); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the violence of”; Notes: Often denotes brutal injustice.
- אֶרֶץ (erets) – Root: ארץ (erets); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “land”; Notes: Can refer to territory ravaged by violence.
- קִרְיָה (qiryah) – Root: קריה (qiryah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “city”; Notes: Highlights urban devastation.
- וְכָל־ (ve-kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and all of”; Notes: Intensifies comprehensiveness.
- יֹשְׁבֵי (yoshevei) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “inhabitants of”; Notes: Describes all who dwell within the city.
- בָּהּ (bah) – Root: בה (bah); Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 3fs; Translation: “in her”; Notes: “Her” refers to the ravaged city.
- פ (peh) – Root: —; Form: Masoretic paragraph marker; Translation: —; Notes: Indicates a textual break.