אֶל־חִכְּךָ֣ שֹׁפָ֔ר כַּנֶּ֖שֶׁר עַל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה יַ֚עַן עָבְר֣וּ בְרִיתִ֔י וְעַל־תֹּורָתִ֖י פָּשָֽׁעוּ׃
Put the trumpet to your mouth! Like an eagle against the house of YHWH, because they have transgressed My covenant and rebelled against My Torah.
Morphology
- אֶל־חִכְּךָ (ʾel-ḥikkecha) – Root: חך (ḥekh); Form: Preposition אֶל + noun masculine singular + suffix 2ms; Translation: “to your mouth”; Notes: A vivid imperative — to lift or press the trumpet to the mouth, signaling imminent danger.
- שֹׁפָר (shofar) – Root: שׁפר (shafar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “trumpet”; Notes: Refers to the ram’s horn used for alarm or divine summons in times of war or judgment.
- כַּנֶּשֶׁר (ka-nesher) – Root: נשר (nesher); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like an eagle”; Notes: The eagle symbolizes swiftness and impending attack — metaphor for invading armies or divine retribution.
- עַל־בֵּית (ʿal-beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “against the house”; Notes: Indicates direction or target — “against the house,” referring to Yisraʾel.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of the God of Yisraʾel, who is both judge and protector of His people.
- יַעַן (yaʿan) – Root: יען (yaʿan); Form: Preposition; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the judgment — their violation of the covenant.
- עָבְרוּ (ʿavru) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have transgressed”; Notes: Literally “they have crossed over” — indicates violation or rebellion against divine boundaries.
- בְּרִיתִי (beriti) – Root: ברית (berit); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 1cs; Translation: “My covenant”; Notes: Refers to the binding agreement between YHWH and Yisraʾel, here broken by disobedience.
- וְעַל־תֹּורָתִי (ve-ʿal-torati) – Root: תורה (torah); Form: Conjunction + preposition עַל + noun feminine singular + suffix 1cs; Translation: “and against My Torah”; Notes: Refers to divine instruction or law, highlighting the moral and legal aspects of the covenant broken.
- פָּשָׁעוּ (pashʿu) – Root: פשע (pashaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have rebelled”; Notes: Indicates intentional defiance — willful disobedience against YHWH’s authority.