הִנֵּ֤ה הָאָדֹון֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֔ות מְסָעֵ֥ף פֻּארָ֖ה בְּמַעֲרָצָ֑ה וְרָמֵ֤י הַקֹּומָה֙ גְּדוּעִ֔ים וְהַגְּבֹהִ֖ים יִשְׁפָּֽלוּ׃
Behold, the Lord YHWH of hosts is lopping off the boughs with terrifying power; and the tall ones shall be cut down, and the lofty ones shall be brought low.
Morphology
- הִנֵּה (hinneh) – Root: נהה (demonstrative particle); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Behold”; Notes: Draws attention to what follows—emphatic introduction to divine action.
- הָאָדֹון (ha-ʾadon) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the Lord”; Notes: Title of majesty and rule.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Tetragrammaton; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Masculine plural construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Refers to angelic or heavenly armies.
- מְסָעֵף (mesaʾef) – Root: סעף (saʾaf); Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “is lopping off”; Notes: Used metaphorically for cutting off branches—here, judgment on the proud.
- פֻּארָה (puʾarah) – Root: פאר (paʾar); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “bough / branch”; Notes: Symbol of pride or prominent figures.
- בְּמַעֲרָצָה (be-maʿaratsah) – Root: ערץ (ʿarats); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with terrifying power”; Notes: From a root meaning to terrify or violently strike.
- וְרָמֵי (ve-ramei) – Root: רום (rum); Form: Conjunction + adjective masculine plural construct; Translation: “and the tall ones / exalted ones”; Notes: Likely referring to lofty people or rulers.
- הַקֹּומָה (ha-qomah) – Root: קומה (qomah); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “of stature / height”; Notes: Figurative for status or pride.
- גְּדוּעִים (geduʿim) – Root: גדע (gadaʿ); Form: Pual participle masculine plural; Translation: “shall be cut down”; Notes: Passive verb indicating divine judgment.
- וְהַגְּבֹהִים (ve-ha-gevohim) – Root: גבה (gavah); Form: Conjunction + definite adjective masculine plural; Translation: “and the lofty ones”; Notes: Refers to proud or exalted people.
- יִשְׁפָּלוּ (yishpalu) – Root: שפל (shafal); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall be brought low”; Notes: Indicates a humbling reversal of pride.