Isaiah 5:14

לָכֵ֗ן הִרְחִ֤יבָה שְּׁאֹול֙ נַפְשָׁ֔הּ וּפָעֲרָ֥ה פִ֖יהָ לִבְלִי־חֹ֑ק וְיָרַ֨ד הֲדָרָ֧הּ וַהֲמֹונָ֛הּ וּשְׁאֹונָ֖הּ וְעָלֵ֥ז בָּֽהּ׃

Therefore Sheʾol has enlarged its appetite and opened its mouth without limit, and her splendor shall go down, and her multitude, and her uproar, and the jubilant within her.

Morphology

1. לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Adverb with preposition prefix; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces the consequence or divine judgment.
2. הִרְחִיבָה (hirḥivah) – Root: רחב (raḥav); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “has enlarged”; Notes: Describes Sheʾol’s metaphorical expansion to receive the doomed.
3. שְּׁאֹול (Sheʾol) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Sheʾol”; Notes: The realm of the dead or grave.
4. נַפְשָׁהּ (nafshah) – Root: נפשׁ (nefesh); Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “its appetite” or “its soul”; Notes: Here “soul” denotes appetite or desire.
5. וּפָעֲרָה (u-faʿarah) – Root: פער (paʿar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and has opened wide”; Notes: Used of a mouth opening in hunger or devouring.
6. פִיהָ (piha) – Root: פה (peh); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “its mouth”; Notes: Refers to Sheʾol’s devouring mouth.
7. לִבְלִי־חֹק (livli-ḥoq) – Root: בלי (beli), חק (ḥoq); Form: Preposition + negative particle + noun masculine singular; Translation: “without limit” or “without measure”; Notes: Expresses boundless appetite.
8. וְיָרַד (ve-yarad) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and shall go down”; Notes: Describes descent into Sheʾol.
9. הֲדָרָהּ (hadarah) – Root: הדר (hadar); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her splendor”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel’s or Yehudah’s majesty or nobility.
10. וַהֲמֹונָהּ (va-hamonah) – Root: המון (hamon); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her multitude”; Notes: Refers to the masses or population.
11. וּשְׁאֹונָהּ (u-sheʾonah) – Root: שׁאן (sheʾon); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her uproar”; Notes: Symbol of noise, commotion, or celebration.
12. וְעָלֵז (ve-ʿalez) – Root: עלז (ʿalaz); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and the jubilant”; Notes: Refers to the exultant, those rejoicing in pride or sin.
13. בָּהּ (bah) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in her”; Notes: Refers to Sheʾol as the destination of all these people.