Isaiah 5:13

לָכֵ֛ן גָּלָ֥ה עַמִּ֖י מִבְּלִי־דָ֑עַת וּכְבֹודֹו֙ מְתֵ֣י רָעָ֔ב וַהֲמֹונֹ֖ו צִחֵ֥ה צָמָֽא׃

Therefore My people have gone into exile for lack of knowledge, and its glory are men of famine, and its multitude is parched with thirst.

Morphology

1. לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Adverb with preposition prefix; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces consequence or judgment.
2. גָּלָה (galah) – Root: גלה (galah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has gone into exile”; Notes: Describes forced removal or displacement.
3. עַמִּי (ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine singular with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “My people”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel or Yehudah under divine ownership.
4. מִבְּלִי־דָעַת (mi-beli-daʿat) – Root: בלל (belî) + ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Preposition מִן + negative particle + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for lack of knowledge”; Notes: Indicates spiritual ignorance as the cause of exile.
5. וּכְבֹודֹו (u-khevodo) – Root: כבד (kaved); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and its glory”; Notes: Refers to the elite, leaders, or dignity of the nation.
6. מְתֵי (metei) – Root: מת (met); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “men of”; Notes: Construct phrase introducing the condition of the people.
7. רָעָב (raʿav) – Root: רעב (raʿav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “famine”; Notes: Describes their physical or metaphorical deprivation.
8. וַהֲמֹונֹו (va-hamono) – Root: המון (hamon); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and its multitude”; Notes: Refers to the masses or general population.
9. צִחֵה (tsiḥeh) – Root: צחה (tsiheh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is parched”; Notes: Describes intense thirst or dryness.
10. צָמָא (tsama) – Root: צמא (tsama); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “with thirst”; Notes: Reinforces the theme of spiritual and physical deprivation.