Isaiah 5:12

וְהָיָ֨ה כִנֹּ֜ור וָנֶ֗בֶל תֹּ֧ף וְחָלִ֛יל וָיַ֖יִן מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת פֹּ֤עַל יְהוָה֙ לֹ֣א יַבִּ֔יטוּ וּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדָ֖יו לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃

And the lyre and the harp, the tambourine and the flute, and wine are in their feasts, but the work of YHWH they do not regard, and the work of His hands they do not see.

Morphology

1. וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect (or imperfect with vav-consecutive) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it shall be” or “And there is”; Notes: Introduces the situation or condition described.
2. כִנֹּור (kinnor) – Root: כנר (kinnor); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “lyre”; Notes: A stringed instrument used in festive or worship settings.
3. וָנֶבֶל (va-nevel) – Root: נבל (nevel); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and harp”; Notes: Another stringed instrument, often paired with kinnor.
4. תֹּף (tof) – Root: תף (tof); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “tambourine” or “drum”; Notes: Percussion instrument used in celebration.
5. וְחָלִיל (ve-ḥalil) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and flute”; Notes: Wind instrument, common in festive music.
6. וָיַיִן (va-yayin) – Root: יין (yayin); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and wine”; Notes: Symbol of festivity and indulgence.
7. מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם (mishtehem) – Root: שתה (shatah); Form: Noun masculine singular in construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “in their feasts”; Notes: Refers to drinking feasts or banquets.
8. וְאֵת (ve-et) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the next phrase as the object of the verb.
9. פֹּעַל (poʿal) – Root: פעל (paʿal); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “work” or “deed”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s actions in history or creation.
10. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: —; Form: Proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
11. לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
12. יַבִּיטוּ (yabbitu) – Root: נבט (navat); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they regard” or “they consider”; Notes: Hifil adds a causative nuance—actively paying attention.
13. וּמַעֲשֵׂה (u-maʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular in construct; Translation: “and the work of”; Notes: Parallels “poʿal YHWH.”
14. יָדָיו (yadaiv) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His hands”; Notes: Emphasizes divine craftsmanship or creative acts.
15. לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Continued negation.
16. רָאוּ (raʾu) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have seen”; Notes: Indicates blindness to YHWH’s work, spiritual ignorance.