Isaiah 7:2

וַיֻּגַּ֗ד לְבֵ֤ית דָּוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נָ֥חָֽה אֲרָ֖ם עַל־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיָּ֤נַע לְבָבֹו֙ וּלְבַ֣ב עַמֹּ֔ו כְּנֹ֥ועַ עֲצֵי־יַ֖עַר מִפְּנֵי־רֽוּחַ׃

And it was told to the house of Dawid, saying, “Aram has settled upon Efrayim,” and his heart trembled, and the heart of his people, as the shaking of the trees of the forest before the wind.

Morphology

1. וַיֻּגַּ֗ד (va-yuggad) – Root: נגד (nagad); Form: Hofal wayyiqtol (narrative passive past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it was told”; Notes: Passive form indicating a report delivered to someone.
2. לְבֵ֤ית דָּוִד֙ (le-beit Dawid) – Root: בית (bayit), דוד (Dawid); Form: Preposition לְ + construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “to the house of Dawid”; Notes: Refers to the ruling dynasty of Yehudah.
3. לֵאמֹ֔ר (leʾmor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces the content of the report.
4. נָ֥חָֽה (naḥah) – Root: נחה (naḥah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has settled”; Notes: Indicates military or strategic positioning.
5. אֲרָ֖ם (Aram) – Root: ארם (Aram); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Aram”; Notes: Nation allied with Yisraʾel against Yehudah.
6. עַל־אֶפְרָ֑יִם (ʿal-Efrayim) – Root: על (ʿal), אפרים (Efrayim); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “upon Efrayim”; Notes: Suggests a military alliance or positioning over Efrayim (northern kingdom).
7. וַיָּ֤נַע (va-yanaʿ) – Root: נוע (nuaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it trembled”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to intense fear or instability.
8. לְבָבֹו֙ (levavo) – Root: לבב (levav); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his heart”; Notes: Refers to the emotional reaction of the king.
9. וּלְבַ֣ב (u-le-vav) – Root: לבב (levav); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and the heart of”; Notes: Continues parallel emotional response of the people.
10. עַמֹּ֔ו (ammo) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his people”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yehudah.
11. כְּנֹ֥ועַ (ke-noaʿ) – Root: נוע (nuaʿ); Form: Preposition כְּ + Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “as the shaking”; Notes: Infinitive absolute used to emphasize the action vividly.
12. עֲצֵי־יַ֖עַר (ʿatsei-yaʿar) – Root: עץ (ʿets), יער (yaʿar); Form: Construct plural + noun masculine singular; Translation: “trees of the forest”; Notes: Vivid natural simile indicating trembling from fear.
13. מִפְּנֵי־רֽוּחַ (mi-penei-ruaḥ) – Root: פנה (panah), רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Preposition + construct noun + absolute noun; Translation: “before the wind”; Notes: Describes the cause of the trembling — impending danger or threat.