וַיְהִ֡י בִּימֵ֣י אָ֠חָז בֶּן־יֹותָ֨ם בֶּן־עֻזִּיָּ֜הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה עָלָ֣ה רְצִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־֠אֲרָם וּפֶ֨קַח בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עָלֶ֑יהָ וְלֹ֥א יָכֹ֖ל לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃
And it came to pass in the days of Aḥaz son of Yotam son of ʿUziyahu king of Yehuda, that Retsin king of Aram went up, and Peqaḥ son of Remalyahu king of Yisraʾel, to Yerushalayim for war against it, but he was not able to fight against it.
Morphology
- וַיְהִ֡י (va-yehi) – Root: היה (haya); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Introduces a historical narrative event.
- בִּימֵ֣י (bi-ymei) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition בְּ + masculine plural construct; Translation: “in the days of”; Notes: Construct form indicating time period.
- אָ֠חָז (Aḥaz) – Root: אחז (Aḥaz); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Aḥaz”; Notes: King of Yehudah during this period.
- בֶּן־יֹותָ֨ם (ben-Yotam) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Construct noun + proper name; Translation: “son of Yotam”; Notes: Establishes lineage.
- בֶּן־עֻזִּיָּ֜הוּ (ben-ʿUziyahu) – Root: בן (ben), עוזיּה (ʿUziyahu); Form: Construct noun + proper name with pronominal suffix; Translation: “son of ʿUziyahu”; Notes: Continuation of royal ancestry.
- מֶ֣לֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “king”; Notes: Title of sovereignty.
- יְהוּדָ֗ה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom of Israel.
- עָלָ֣ה (ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “went up”; Notes: Refers to a military campaign advancing toward a target.
- רְצִ֣ין (Retsin) – Root: רצין (Retsin); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Retsin”; Notes: King of Aram.
- מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָם (melekh-Aram) – Root: מלך (melekh), ארם (Aram); Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “king of Aram”; Notes: Designates political authority over Aram.
- וּפֶ֨קַח (u-Feqaḥ) – Root: פקח (Peqaḥ); Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Peqaḥ”; Notes: Northern Israelite king.
- בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֤הוּ (ben-Remalyahu) – Root: בן (ben), רמליהו (Remalyahu); Form: Construct noun + proper name with suffix; Translation: “son of Remalyahu”; Notes: Lineage of the northern king.
- מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (melekh-Yisraʾel) – Root: מלך (melekh), ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “king of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom.
- יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם (Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלם (Yerushalayim); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: Target of the invasion.
- לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה (la-milḥamah) – Root: מלחמה (milḥamah); Form: Preposition לְ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “for war”; Notes: Purpose of the campaign.
- עָלֶ֑יהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against it”; Notes: Refers to Yerushalayim as the object of attack.
- וְלֹ֥א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “but not”; Notes: Introduces contrast or negation.
- יָכֹ֖ל (yakhol) – Root: יכל (yakhol); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was able”; Notes: Expresses potential or capacity.
- לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם (le-hillakhem) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Niphal infinitive construct; Translation: “to fight”; Notes: Passive/reflexive in sense, expressing engagement in battle.
- עָלֶֽיהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against it”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes Yerushalayim as the focus.