לָשׂ֣וּם לַאֲבֵלֵ֣י צִיֹּ֗ון לָתֵת֩ לָהֶ֨ם פְּאֵ֜ר תַּ֣חַת אֵ֗פֶר שֶׁ֤מֶן שָׂשֹׂון֙ תַּ֣חַת אֵ֔בֶל מַעֲטֵ֣ה תְהִלָּ֔ה תַּ֖חַת ר֣וּחַ כֵּהָ֑ה וְקֹרָ֤א לָהֶם֙ אֵילֵ֣י הַצֶּ֔דֶק מַטַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לְהִתְפָּאֵֽר׃
to appoint for the mourners of Tsiyyon, to give to them a crown instead of ashes, oil of gladness instead of mourning, a garment of praise instead of a faint spirit; and they shall be called oaks of righteousness, the planting of YHWH, to be glorified.
Morphology
- לָשׂוּם (lasum) – Root: שׂים; Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition לְ; Translation: “to appoint” or “to place”; Notes: Marks purpose, often parallel to “to give.”
- לַאֲבֵלֵי (laʾavelei) – Root: אבל; Form: Preposition + masculine plural construct; Translation: “for the mourners of”; Notes: Indicates those who grieve.
- צִיֹּון (Tsiyon) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Feminine singular; Translation: “Tsiyon”; Notes: Refers to Jerusalem or the people of YHWH.
- לָתֵת (latet) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition לְ; Translation: “to give”; Notes: Further defines divine actions for restoration.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers to the mourners of Tsiyon.
- פְּאֵר (peʾer) – Root: פאר; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “crown” or “garland”; Notes: Symbol of honor and joy.
- תַּחַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת; Form: Preposition; Translation: “instead of”; Notes: Denotes exchange or substitution.
- אֵפֶר (efer) – Root: אפר; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “ashes”; Notes: Symbol of mourning and grief.
- שֶׁמֶן (shemen) – Root: שמן; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “oil”; Notes: Often associated with joy, anointing.
- שָׂשֹׂון (sason) – Root: שׂושׂ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “gladness”; Notes: Paired with oil to signify celebration.
- אֵבֶל (ʾevel) – Root: אבל; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “mourning”; Notes: Emotional sorrow, especially over loss.
- מַעֲטֵה (maʿateh) – Root: עטה; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “garment of”; Notes: Refers to a covering or cloak.
- תְהִלָּה (tehillah) – Root: הלל; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “praise”; Notes: Symbolic of joy and restoration.
- רוּחַ (ruaḥ) – Root: רוח; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “spirit”; Notes: Refers to inner emotional state.
- כֵּהָה (kehah) – Root: כהה; Form: Adjective feminine singular; Translation: “faint” or “dim”; Notes: Describes a spirit crushed or weak.
- וְקֹרָא (ve-qora) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal imperfect or jussive 3rd person masculine singular with vav; Translation: “and he shall call” / “and one shall call”; Notes: Marks a result or future designation.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers again to the mourners now transformed.
- אֵילֵי (ʾeilei) – Root: איל; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “oaks of”; Notes: Symbol of strength and stability.
- הַצֶּדֶק (ha-tsedeq) – Root: צדק; Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “righteousness”; Notes: Moral uprightness, covenant faithfulness.
- מַטַּע (mattaʿ) – Root: נטע; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “planting of”; Notes: Metaphor for something intentionally cultivated.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The one who planted the righteous.
- לְהִתְפָּאֵר (le-hitpaʾer) – Root: פאר; Form: Hitpael infinitive construct; Translation: “to be glorified”; Notes: Final purpose: YHWH’s glory through His restored people.