הֹ֛וי מַשְׁכִּימֵ֥י בַבֹּ֖קֶר שֵׁכָ֣ר יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ מְאַחֲרֵ֣י בַנֶּ֔שֶׁף יַ֖יִן יַדְלִיקֵֽם׃
Woe to those who rise early in the morning to chase strong drink, who stay late into the evening, wine inflames them.
Morphology
- הֹוי (hoy) – Root: הוי (hoy); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Woe”; Notes: Prophetic cry of denunciation and warning.
- מַשְׁכִּימֵי (mashkimei) – Root: שׁכם (shakham); Form: Hifil participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “those who rise early”; Notes: Describes habitual early rising for immoral purposes.
- בַּבֹּקֶר (ba-boqer) – Root: בקר (boqer); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the morning”; Notes: Time marker emphasizing eagerness.
- שֵׁכָר (shekhar) – Root: שׁכר (shakhar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “strong drink”; Notes: Fermented or intoxicating beverage.
- יִרְדֹּפוּ (yirdofu) – Root: רדף (radaf); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they chase”; Notes: Indicates pursuit or craving of drink.
- מְאַחֲרֵי (meʾaḥarei) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Preposition מִן in construct form + plural suffix; Translation: “who stay late”; Notes: Literally “from after,” meaning lingering into the night.
- בַנֶּשֶׁף (ba-neshef) – Root: נשׁף (neshef); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “at twilight” or “in the evening”; Notes: Marks late-night behavior.
- יַיִן (yayin) – Root: יין (yayin); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wine”; Notes: Subject of the final clause—agent of intoxication.
- יַדְלִיקֵם (yadliqem) – Root: דלק (dalaq); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “it inflames them”; Notes: Figurative usage denoting arousal of passion or reckless behavior.