יָבִ֨יא יְהוָ֜ה עָלֶ֗יךָ וְעַֽל־עַמְּךָ֮ וְעַל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִיךָ֒ יָמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־בָ֔אוּ לְמִיֹּ֥ום סוּר־אֶפְרַ֖יִם מֵעַ֣ל יְהוּדָ֑ה אֵ֖ת מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ פ
YHWH shall bring upon you, and upon your people, and upon the house of your father, days that have not come since the day Efrayim turned away from Yehuda, the king of Ashshur.”
Morphology
- יָבִ֨יא (yaviʾ) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall bring”; Notes: Indicates future divine action.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: היה (haya); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The subject of the verb, performing the action.
- עָלֶ֗יךָ (ʿalekha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Directed to King Aḥaz.
- וְעַֽל־עַמְּךָ֮ (ve-ʿal-ʿammekha) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and upon your people”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Yehudah.
- וְעַל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִיךָ֒ (ve-ʿal-beit avikha) – Root: בית (bayit), אב (ʾav); Form: Conjunction + preposition + construct noun + noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and upon the house of your father”; Notes: Refers to the Davidic royal lineage.
- יָמִים (yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “days”; Notes: Refers to a future time of affliction or judgment.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a descriptive clause.
- לֹא־בָ֔אוּ (lo-vaʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “have not come”; Notes: Refers to unprecedented days of calamity.
- לְמִיֹּ֥ום (le-miyom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “since the day”; Notes: Temporal expression setting historical context.
- סוּר־אֶפְרַ֖יִם (sur-Efrayim) – Root: סור (sur), אפרים (Efrayim); Form: Infinitive construct + proper noun; Translation: “Efrayim turned away”; Notes: Refers to the division of the kingdom after Shelomoh.
- מֵעַ֣ל (me-ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with prefixed mem; Translation: “from over”; Notes: Indicates removal of authority or separation.
- יְהוּדָ֑ה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Southern kingdom remaining loyal to the house of Dawid.
- אֵ֖ת (et) – Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [no translation]; Notes: Marks “king of Ashshur” as the object of the verb “bring.”
- מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר (melekh-Ashshur) – Root: מלך (melekh), אשור (Ashshur); Form: Noun masculine singular + proper noun; Translation: “the king of Ashshur”; Notes: Refers to Tiglat-pileser III or his successors, instruments of divine judgment.