וְעָֽבְרוּ֙ גֹּויִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים עַ֖ל הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ עַל־מֶ֨ה עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ כָּ֔כָה לָעִ֥יר הַגְּדֹולָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃
And many nations shall pass by this city, and each man shall say to his fellow: ‘Why has YHWH done thus to this great city?’
Morphology
- וְעָֽבְרוּ֙ (ve-ʿavru) – Root: עבר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And they shall pass”; Notes: Indicates future narrative action.
- גֹּויִ֣ם (goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Often refers to Gentile peoples or foreign powers.
- רַבִּ֔ים (rabbim) – Root: רבב; Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Qualifies “nations.”
- עַ֖ל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “over” or “concerning”; Notes: Indicates the object of interest or location of action.
- הָעִ֣יר (ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר; Form: Noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the city”; Notes: Refers to Yerushalayim in context.
- הַזֹּ֑את (ha-zot) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “city.”
- וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ (ve-ʾamru) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and they shall say”; Notes: Continues the narrative future sequence.
- אִ֣ישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a man” / “each man”; Notes: Subject of the individual speaking.
- אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ (el-reʿehu) – Root: רעה; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his fellow”; Notes: Implies mutual discussion or inquiry.
- עַל־מֶ֨ה (ʿal-meh) – Root: מה; Form: Preposition + interrogative pronoun; Translation: “Why”; Notes: Introduces the question of cause or reason.
- עָשָׂ֤ה (ʿasah) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has done”; Notes: Refers to completed divine action.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the question, performer of judgment.
- כָּ֔כָה (kakhah) – Root: כה; Form: Adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Refers to the manner or extent of the action taken.
- לָעִ֥יר (la-ʿir) – Root: עיר; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “to the city”; Notes: Refers to the recipient of divine action.
- הַגְּדֹולָ֖ה (ha-gedolah) – Root: גדל; Form: Adjective feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the great”; Notes: Emphasizes the city’s prominence.
- הַזֹּֽאת (ha-zot) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “this”; Notes: Further specifies “the great city.”