וַיְמָאֲנ֣וּ לְהַקְשִׁ֔יב וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ כָתֵ֖ף סֹרָ֑רֶת וְאָזְנֵיהֶ֖ם הִכְבִּ֥ידוּ מִשְּׁמֹֽועַ׃
And they refused to listen, and they gave a rebellious shoulder, and their ears they made heavy from hearing.
Morphology
- וַיְמָאֲנוּ (va-yemaʾanu) – Root: מאן (maʾan); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they refused”; Notes: Indicates deliberate refusal of prophetic exhortation.
- לְהַקְשִׁיב (le-hakshiv) – Root: קשׁב (kashav); Form: Preposition לְ + Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “to listen”; Notes: Expresses the intended action they rejected.
- וַיִּתְּנוּ (va-yitnu) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they gave”; Notes: Introduces a metaphorical act of resistance.
- כָתֵף (katef) – Root: כתף (katef); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “shoulder”; Notes: The “rebellious shoulder” metaphor expresses stubborn rejection.
- סֹרָרֶת (soraret) – Root: סור (sur) / סרע (possible nuance of stubbornness); Form: Participle feminine singular; Translation: “rebellious”; Notes: Modifies “shoulder,” portraying obstinate defiance.
- וְאָזְנֵיהֶם (ve-aznehem) – Root: אֹזֶן (ozen); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and their ears”; Notes: Becomes the object of the following verb.
- הִכְבִּידוּ (hikhbidu) – Root: כבד (kavad); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they made heavy”; Notes: A metaphor for intentional deafness to divine instruction.
- מִשְּׁמֹועַ (mi-shemoaʿ) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Preposition מִן + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “from hearing”; Notes: Indicates the result of their self-imposed hardness.