לֹֽא־רָגַ֨ל עַל־לְשֹׁנֹ֗ו לֹא־עָשָׂ֣ה לְרֵעֵ֣הוּ רָעָ֑ה וְ֝חֶרְפָּ֗ה לֹא־נָשָׂ֥א עַל־קְרֹֽבֹו׃
He has not slandered with his tongue. He has not done evil to his neighbor. And reproach he has not lifted against his close one.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | לֹא | lo | “not” | Negation particle |
| 2 | רָגַ֨ל | ragal | “he slandered” | Qal perfect 3ms |
| 3 | עַל־לְשֹׁנֹו | ʿal-leshono | “with his tongue” | Prep עַל + N(fs) + suff 3ms |
| 4 | לֹא | lo | “not” | Negation particle |
| 5 | עָשָׂה | ʿasah | “he did” | Qal perfect 3ms |
| 6 | לְרֵעֵהוּ | le-reʿehu | “to his neighbor” | Prep לְ + N(ms) + suff 3ms |
| 7 | רָעָה | raʿah | “evil” | Noun fs |
| 8 | וְחֶרְפָּה | ve-ḥerpah | “and reproach” | Conj ו + N(fs) |
| 9 | לֹא | lo | “not” | Negation particle |
| 10 | נָשָׂא | nasa | “he lifted/bore” | Qal perfect 3ms |
| 11 | עַל־קְרֹבֹו | ʿal-qerovo | “against his close one” | Prep עַל + N(ms) + suff 3ms |
Morphology
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Root Type: Particle; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Standard Hebrew negation used to deny the action of the verb.
- רָגַל (ragal) – Root: רגל (ragal); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he slandered”; Notes: The verb can denote going about as a talebearer or slanderer, metaphorically “walking around” spreading accusations.
- עַל־לְשֹׁנֹו (ʿal-leshono) – Root: לשׁן (lashon); Root Type: Strong; Form: Preposition עַל + noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “with his tongue”; Notes: The tongue symbolizes speech, particularly harmful or accusatory speech.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Root Type: Particle; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes the ethical prohibitions listed in the verse.
- עָשָׂה (ʿasah) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Root Type: III-He (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he has done”; Notes: Describes moral action toward another person.
- לְרֵעֵהוּ (le-reʿehu) – Root: רעע (reʿa); Root Type: Geminate (weak); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “to his neighbor”; Notes: Refers to a fellow person within the community.
- רָעָה (raʿah) – Root: רעע (raʿa); Root Type: Geminate (weak); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “evil”; Notes: Refers to harm or wrongdoing directed toward another.
- וְחֶרְפָּה (ve-ḥerpah) – Root: חרף (ḥaraf); Root Type: Strong; Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and reproach”; Notes: Indicates shame, insult, or public humiliation directed at someone.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Root Type: Particle; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Continues the pattern of negated ethical violations.
- נָשָׂא (nasa) – Root: נשׂא (nasa); Root Type: I-Nun (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he lifted” or “he bore”; Notes: Idiomatically refers to bringing or raising an accusation or insult.
- עַל־קְרֹבֹו (ʿal-qerovo) – Root: קרב (qarav); Root Type: Strong; Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “against his close one”; Notes: Refers to a close associate, neighbor, or member of one’s social circle.