וְלִבָּ֞ם שָׂ֣מוּ שָׁמִ֗יר מִ֠שְּׁמֹועַ אֶת־הַתֹּורָ֤ה וְאֶת־הַדְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֜ח יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאֹות֙ בְּרוּחֹ֔ו בְּיַ֖ד הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֑ים וַֽיְהִי֙ קֶ֣צֶף גָּדֹ֔ול מֵאֵ֖ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹֽות׃
And their heart they set as flint from hearing the Torah and the words which YHWH of Hosts sent by His Spirit by the hand of the former prophets, and there was great wrath from YHWH of Hosts.
Morphology
- וְלִבָּם (ve-libam) – Root: לבב (levav); Form: Conjunction + preposition לְ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and their heart”; Notes: Introduces the internal disposition of the people.
- שָׂמוּ (samu) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they set”; Notes: Indicates deliberate determination or attitude.
- שָׁמִיר (shamir) – Root: שׁמר (shamar) (etymologically debated as “hard stone/flint”); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “flint”; Notes: Metaphor for hardness or insensitivity.
- מִשְּׁמֹועַ (mi-shemoaʿ) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Preposition מִן + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “from hearing”; Notes: Indicates the sphere from which they hardened their hearts.
- אֶת (et) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the definite objects “the Torah” and “the words.”
- הַתֹּורָה (ha-torah) – Root: ירה (yarah) / related to *instruction*; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the Torah”; Notes: Refers broadly to divine instruction.
- וְאֶת (ve-et) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Links a second direct object.
- הַדְּבָרִים (ha-devarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the words”; Notes: Refers to prophetic messages.
- אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Connects the prophetic words to YHWH as their sender.
- שָׁלַח (shalach) – Root: שלח (shalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He sent”; Notes: YHWH is the implied subject.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Divine sender of the prophetic words.
- צְבָאוֹת (tzevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tzevaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Epithet emphasizing sovereignty.
- בְּרוּחֹו (be-rucho) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “by His Spirit”; Notes: Identifies the medium of divine communication.
- בְּיַד (be-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “by the hand of”; Notes: Idiom for agency, here of the prophets.
- הַנְּבִיאִים (ha-neviʾim) – Root: נבא (navaʾ); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the prophets”; Notes: Human intermediaries of the divine message.
- הָרִאשֹׁנִים (ha-rishonim) – Root: ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Definite adjective masculine plural; Translation: “the former”; Notes: Refers to pre-exilic prophets.
- וַיְהִי (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and there was”; Notes: Introduces the resulting condition.
- קֶצֶף (ketsef) – Root: קצף (katsef); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wrath”; Notes: Divine anger as consequence of disobedience.
- גָּדֹול (gadol) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “great”; Notes: Intensifies the severity of the wrath.
- מֵאֵת (me-et) – Root: —; Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine singular; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates source.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine source of the wrath.
- צְבָאוֹת (tzevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tzevaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Epithet reiterating God’s authority.