וַיְהִ֥י כַאֲשֶׁר־קָרָ֖א וְלֹ֣א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ כֵּ֤ן יִקְרְאוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א אֶשְׁמָ֔ע אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹֽות׃
And it was, as He called and they did not listen, so they shall call and I will not listen,” said YHWH of Hosts.
Morphology
- וַיְהִי (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it was”; Notes: Introduces a cause-and-effect statement.
- כַאֲשֶׁר (ka-asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Preposition כְּ + relative pronoun; Translation: “as / just as”; Notes: Establishes the comparison.
- קָרָא (kara) – Root: קרא (karaʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He called”; Notes: Refers to YHWH calling to the people.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- שָׁמֵעוּ (shameʿu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they listened”; Notes: Indicates their refusal to heed the call.
- כֵּן (ken) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “so / thus”; Notes: Introduces the consequence parallel to the preceding clause.
- יִקְרְאוּ (yikreʾu) – Root: קרא (karaʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall call”; Notes: Refers to the people calling out in distress.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the upcoming divine response.
- אֶשְׁמָע (eshmaʿ) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will listen”; Notes: YHWH’s refusal parallels their earlier refusal.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (amar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Marks the formal divine declaration.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Speaker of the pronouncement.
- צְבָאוֹת (tzevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tzevaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Military epithet underscoring God’s authority.