Jeremiah 4:24

רָאִ֨יתִי֙ הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וְהִנֵּ֖ה רֹעֲשִׁ֑ים וְכָל־הַגְּבָעֹ֖ות הִתְקַלְקָֽלוּ׃

I saw the mountains, and behold, they were shaking, and all the hills swayed to and fro.

Morphology

1. רָאִ֨יתִי (raʾiti) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I saw”; Notes: Marks the speaker’s firsthand visionary experience.
2. הֶֽהָרִ֔ים (he-harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Definite noun masculine plural with directive accent; Translation: “the mountains”; Notes: Mountains often symbolize stability—here, ironically destabilized.
3. וְהִנֵּ֖ה (ve-hinneh) – Root: נה (hinneh); Form: Interjection with conjunction; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Introduces a dramatic or visionary revelation.
4. רֹעֲשִׁ֑ים (roʿashim) – Root: רעשׁ (raʿash); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “shaking”; Notes: Describes ongoing violent trembling of the mountains.
5. וְכָל־הַגְּבָעֹ֖ות (ve-khol-ha-gevʿot) – Root: גבעה (givʿah); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “and all the hills”; Notes: Emphasizes totality of upheaval, not just mountains.
6. הִתְקַלְקָֽלוּ (hitqalqalu) – Root: קלל (qalal); Form: Hitpael perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they swayed to and fro” or “reeled”; Notes: The Hitpael form reflects self-directed or reflexive motion, conveying instability or collapse.