Jeremiah 49:10

כִּֽי־אֲנִ֞י חָשַׂ֣פְתִּי אֶת־עֵשָׂ֗ו גִּלֵּ֨יתִי֙ אֶת־מִסְתָּרָ֔יו וְנֶחְבָּ֖ה לֹ֣א יוּכָ֑ל שֻׁדַּ֥ד זַרְעֹ֛ו וְאֶחָ֥יו וּשְׁכֵנָ֖יו וְאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃

For I have laid bare ʿEsav, I have uncovered his hiding places, and he shall not be able to conceal himself; his offspring is destroyed, and his brothers and his neighbors, and he is no more.

Morphology

1. כִּי־ (ki-) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction with maqaf; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for Edom’s devastation.
2. אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person common singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: YHWH as the speaker.
3. חָשַׂפְתִּי (ḥasaphti) – Root: חָשַׂף; Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have laid bare”; Notes: Verb of stripping away protection.
4. אֶת־ (ʾet-) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker with maqaf; Translation: —; Notes: Marks ʿEsaw as the direct object.
5. עֵשָׂו (ʿEsaw) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun, personal name; Translation: “ʿEsaw (Esau)”; Notes: Eponymous ancestor of Edom.
6. גִּלֵּיתִי (gillēti) – Root: גלה; Form: Piel perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have uncovered”; Notes: Emphasizes exposure of what was hidden.
7. אֶת־ (ʾet-) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker with maqaf; Translation: —; Notes: Marks “his hiding places.”
8. מִסְתָּרָיו (mistarav) – Root: סתר; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his hiding places”; Notes: Secret refuges of Edom are exposed.
9. וְנֶחְבָּה (ve-neḥbah) – Root: חבא; Form: Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he shall be hidden”; Notes: Passive sense—attempt to hide is futile.
10. לֹא (lo) – Root: —; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denotes impossibility.
11. יוּכָל (yukhal) – Root: יכל; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall be able”; Notes: Expresses inability to remain concealed.
12. שֻׁדַּד (shuddad) – Root: שׁדד; Form: Pual perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is destroyed”; Notes: Passive, complete devastation.
13. זַרְעֹו (zarʿo) – Root: זרע; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his offspring”; Notes: Refers to descendants/seed cut off.
14. וְאֶחָיו (ve-eḥav) – Root: אח; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his brothers”; Notes: Kin or allied tribes.
15. וּשְׁכֵנָיו (u-shekhenav) – Root: שׁכן; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his neighbors”; Notes: Neighboring peoples sharing Edom’s fate.
16. וְאֵינֶנּוּ (ve-ʾeinennu) – Root: —; Form: Negative existential + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and he is no more”; Notes: Final declaration of annihilation.