שְׁמוּעָ֤ה שָׁמַ֨עְתִּי֙ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה וְצִ֖יר בַּגֹּויִ֣ם שָׁל֑וּחַ הִֽתְקַבְּצוּ֙ וּבֹ֣אוּ עָלֶ֔יהָ וְק֖וּמוּ לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃
A report I have heard from YHWH, and an envoy has been sent among the nations: “Gather yourselves, and come against her, and rise up to the battle!”
Morphology
- שְׁמוּעָה (shemuʿah) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “a report”; Notes: Refers to prophetic revelation of judgment.
- שָׁמַעְתִּי (shamaʿti) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have heard”; Notes: The prophet speaks in first person.
- מֵאֵת (meʾet) – Root: —; Form: Preposition + particle; Translation: “from”; Notes: Introduces the source of the message.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה/יהוה; Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of Israel’s God, source of the report.
- וְצִיר (ve-tsir) – Root: ציר; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and an envoy”; Notes: Messenger or herald sent to nations.
- בַּגֹּויִם (ba-goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural definite; Translation: “among the nations”; Notes: Refers to foreign peoples called to battle.
- שָׁלוּחַ (shaluach) – Root: שלח; Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “has been sent”; Notes: Indicates the commissioning of the envoy.
- הִתְקַבְּצוּ (hitqabbetsu) – Root: קבץ; Form: Hitpael imperative masculine plural; Translation: “gather yourselves!”; Notes: Reflexive, calling nations to unite for battle.
- וּבֹאוּ (u-voʾu) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “and come!”; Notes: Urges the nations to move against the target city.
- עָלֶיהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against her”; Notes: Refers to the city/nation under divine judgment.
- וְקֻמוּ (ve-qumu) – Root: קום; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “and rise up!”; Notes: Battle language—an urgent summons.
- לַמִּלְחָמָה (la-milḥamah) – Root: לחם; Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular definite; Translation: “to the battle”; Notes: Refers to divinely decreed warfare.