לָכֵ֡ן הִנֵּה֩ יָמִ֨ים בָּאִ֜ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְ֠הִשְׁמַעְתִּי אֶל־רַבַּ֨ת בְּנֵי־עַמֹּ֜ון תְּרוּעַ֣ת מִלְחָמָ֗ה וְהָֽיְתָה֙ לְתֵ֣ל שְׁמָמָ֔ה וּבְנֹתֶ֖יהָ בָּאֵ֣שׁ תִּצַּ֑תְנָה וְיָרַ֧שׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־יֹרְשָׁ֖יו אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃
Therefore, behold, days are coming,” declares YHWH, “when I will cause a battle cry to be heard against Rabba of the sons of ʿAmmon, and it shall become a mound of desolation, and her daughters shall be burned with fire; and Yisraʾel shall dispossess his dispossessors,” says YHWH.
Morphology
- לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction/adverb; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Introduces the consequence of Ammon’s offense.
- הִנֵּה (hinneh) – Root: —; Form: Interjection; Translation: “behold”; Notes: Draws attention to an imminent event.
- יָמִים (yamim) – Root: יום; Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “days”; Notes: Refers to future time.
- בָּאִים (baʾim) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “are coming”; Notes: Marks certain future events.
- נְאֻם־ (nəʾum-) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun construct with maqaf; Translation: “utterance of”; Notes: Formula of prophetic speech.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה/יהוה; Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Source of the prophecy.
- וְהִשְׁמַעְתִּי (ve-hishmaʿti) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Hifil perfect 1st person common singular with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and I will cause to be heard”; Notes: YHWH is the subject.
- אֶל־ (ʾel-) – Root: —; Form: Preposition with maqaf; Translation: “against”; Notes: Governs the object “Rabbah.”
- רַבַּת (Rabbat) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Rabbah”; Notes: Capital city of the ʿAmmonites.
- בְּנֵי־ (bene-) – Root: בן; Form: Noun construct masculine plural with maqaf; Translation: “sons of”; Notes: Refers to the Ammonite nation.
- עַמֹּון (ʿAmmon) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʿAmmon”; Notes: Nation east of Yarden.
- תְּרוּעַת (teruʿat) – Root: רוע; Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “the cry of”; Notes: Specifically a battle shout.
- מִלְחָמָה (milḥamah) – Root: לחם; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “war”; Notes: Completes construct “cry of war.”
- וְהָיְתָה (ve-hayetah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and it shall become”; Notes: Refers to Rabbah.
- לְתֵל (le-tel) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a mound”; Notes: Refers to ruins or heaps.
- שְׁמָמָה (shemamah) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “desolation”; Notes: Reinforces total ruin.
- וּבְנֹתֶיהָ (u-venoteha) – Root: בת; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and her daughters”; Notes: Refers to dependent towns of Rabbah.
- בָּאֵשׁ (ba-ʾesh) – Root: —; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “with fire”; Notes: Means they will be burned.
- תִּצַּתְנָה (titsatenah) – Root: יצת; Form: Niphal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “they shall be burned”; Notes: Refers to the cities (fem. plural).
- וְיָרַשׁ (ve-yarash) – Root: ירשׁ; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and shall dispossess”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel inheriting land.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Nation restored by YHWH.
- אֶת־ (ʾet-) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the object “his dispossessors.”
- יֹרְשָׁיו (yorashav) – Root: ירשׁ; Form: Qal participle masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his dispossessors”; Notes: Refers to those who had seized Yisraʾel’s land.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Concluding prophetic formula.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה/יהוה; Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Authority of the pronouncement.