וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גֹּוי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָבֹ֖וא כְּיֹ֥ום תָּמִֽים׃
And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until a nation avenged itself on its enemies. Is this not written in the Book of Yashar? And the sun stood still in the midst of the heavens and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day.
Morphology
- וַיִּדֹּ֨ם (vayyidom) – Root: דמם (damam); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it stood still”.
- הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ (ha-shemesh) – Root: שמש (shemesh); Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the sun”.
- וְיָרֵ֣חַ (ve-yareʿaḥ) – Root: ירח (yareʿaḥ); Form: Noun masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and the moon”.
- עָמָ֗ד (ʿamad) – Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “stood”.
- עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם (ʿad-yiqqom) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Preposition with Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “until (it) avenged itself”.
- גֹּוי֙ (goy) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a nation”.
- אֹֽיְבָ֔יו (ʾoyevav) – Root: איב (ʾav); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “its enemies”.
- הֲלֹא־ (halo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “is it not”.
- הִ֥יא (hi) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “it”.
- כְתוּבָ֖ה (ketuvah) – Root: כתב (katav); Form: Qal passive participle feminine singular; Translation: “written”.
- עַל־סֵ֣פֶר (ʿal-sefer) – Root: ספר (sefer); Form: Preposition with noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the book of”.
- הַיָּשָׁ֑ר (ha-yashar) – Root: ישר (yashar); Form: Adjective masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “Yashar (the Upright)”.
- וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד (vayyaʿamod) – Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it stood still”.
- הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ (ha-shemesh) – Root: שמש (shemesh); Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the sun”.
- בַּחֲצִ֣י (ba-ḥatsi) – Root: חצי (ḥatsi); Form: Preposition with noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “in the midst of”.
- הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם (ha-shamayim) – Root: שמים (shamayim); Form: Noun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the heavens”.
- וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ (velo-ʾats) – Root: אוץ (ʾuts); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with negative particle; Translation: “and it did not hasten”.
- לָבֹ֖וא (lavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to go down”.
- כְּיֹ֥ום (ke-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition with noun masculine singular; Translation: “as a day”.
- תָּמִֽים (tamim) – Root: תמם (tamam); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “whole/complete”.