וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֔יו עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יו גִּלָּ֑ה מֹֽות־יוּמְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃
And a man who lies with his father’s wife has uncovered his father’s nakedness; both of them shall surely be put to death; their blood is upon them.
Morphology
- וְאִ֗ישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “And a man”; Notes: Refers to an unspecified male individual.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Root: None; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- יִשְׁכַּב֙ (yishkav) – Root: שכב (sh-k-b); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Lies with”; Notes: Indicates the act of sexual relations.
- אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת (et-eshet) – Root: אשה (ʾ-sh-h); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “With the wife of”; Notes: Specifies the object of the action.
- אָבִ֔יו (aviv) – Root: אב (ʾ-v); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His father”; Notes: Refers to the man’s father.
- עֶרְוַ֥ת (ervat) – Root: ערוה (ʿ-r-w-h); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “The nakedness of”; Notes: Indicates shameful exposure.
- אָבִ֖יו (aviv) – Root: אב (ʾ-v); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His father”; Notes: Emphasizes familial dishonor.
- גִּלָּ֑ה (gillah) – Root: גלה (g-l-h); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Has uncovered”; Notes: Conveys the act of revealing or exposing.
- מֹֽות־יוּמְת֥וּ (mot-yumtu) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Infinitive absolute + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “Shall surely be put to death”; Notes: Emphasizes certainty of punishment.
- שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם (shenehem) – Root: שנים (sh-n-y-m); Form: Noun masculine dual + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Both of them”; Notes: Refers to the man and the woman.
- דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם (dmeihem) – Root: דם (d-m); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Their blood”; Notes: Indicates guilt and responsibility.
- בָּֽם (bam) – Root: ב (b); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Is upon them”; Notes: Denotes the consequence of their actions.