וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִנְאַף֙ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִנְאַ֖ף אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֑הוּ מֹֽות־יוּמַ֥ת הַנֹּאֵ֖ף וְהַנֹּאָֽפֶת׃
And a man who commits adultery with another man’s wife, who commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife, the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death.
Morphology
- וְאִ֗ישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “And a man”; Notes: Refers to a male individual.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Root: None; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- יִנְאַף֙ (yinʾaf) – Root: נאף (n-ʾ-f); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Commits adultery”; Notes: Describes a prohibited act.
- אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת (et-eshet) – Root: אשה (ʾ-sh-h); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “With the wife of”; Notes: Indicates the object of the action.
- אִ֔ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “A man”; Notes: Specifies the man to whom the wife belongs.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: None; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Links the following clause.
- יִנְאַ֖ף (yinʾaf) – Root: נאף (n-ʾ-f); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Commits adultery”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת (et-eshet) – Root: אשה (ʾ-sh-h); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “With the wife of”; Notes: Specifies the victim.
- רֵעֵ֑הוּ (reʿehu) – Root: רעה (r-ʿ-h); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His neighbor”; Notes: Refers to another man in the community.
- מֹֽות־יוּמַ֥ת (mot-yumat) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Infinitive absolute + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Shall surely be put to death”; Notes: The construction emphasizes certainty of the punishment.
- הַנֹּאֵ֖ף (ha-noef) – Root: נאף (n-ʾ-f); Form: Article + Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “The adulterer”; Notes: Refers to the male offender.
- וְהַנֹּאָֽפֶת (ve-ha-noefet) – Root: נאף (n-ʾ-f); Form: Conjunction + article + Qal active participle feminine singular; Translation: “And the adulteress”; Notes: Refers to the female offender.