עַל־חַטֹּ֤אות יָרָבְעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּכַעְסֹ֕ו אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְעִ֔יס אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Because of the sins of Yarovʿam which he sinned and which he caused Yisraʾel to sin, by his provocation with which he provoked YHWH, the God of Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- עַל־חַטֹּ֤אות (ʿal-ḥattoʾt) – Root: חטא; Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural; Translation: “because of the sins”; Notes: Indicates cause or reason.
- יָרָבְעָם֙ (Yaravʿam) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Yaravʿam”; Notes: First king of northern Yisraʾel after the split.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א (ʾăsher ḥāṭāʾ) – Root: חטא; Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “which he sinned”; Notes: Refers to personal guilt.
- וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא (va-ʾăsher heḥetīʾ) – Root: חטא; Form: Conjunction + relative pronoun + Hiphil perfect 3ms; Translation: “and which he caused to sin”; Notes: Causative aspect—leading others into sin.
- אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (et-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The nation led astray.
- בְּכַעְסֹ֕ו (be-kaʿsō) – Root: כעס; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3ms suffix; Translation: “by his provocation”; Notes: Refers to the manner of offense.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְעִ֔יס (ʾăsher hikʿīs) – Root: כעס; Form: Relative pronoun + Hiphil perfect 3ms; Translation: “which he provoked”; Notes: Causative; made YHWH angry.
- אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה (et-YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Object of the provocation.
- אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (ʾĕlohē Yisraʾel) – Root: אלה, ישראל; Form: Construct + proper noun; Translation: “God of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Covenant name of the national deity.