וְהִבְדַּלְתֶּ֞ם בֵּֽין־הַבְּהֵמָ֤ה הַטְּהֹרָה֙ לַטְּמֵאָ֔ה וּבֵין־הָעֹ֥וף הַטָּמֵ֖א לַטָּהֹ֑ר וְלֹֽא־תְשַׁקְּצ֨וּ אֶת־נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֜ם בַּבְּהֵמָ֣ה וּבָעֹ֗וף וּבְכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּרְמֹ֣שׂ הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הִבְדַּ֥לְתִּי לָכֶ֖ם לְטַמֵּֽא׃
And you shall distinguish between the clean animal and the unclean, and between the unclean bird and the clean. And you shall not make your souls detestable by animal or bird or by anything that creeps on the ground, which I have separated for you to consider unclean.
Morphology
- וְהִבְדַּלְתֶּ֞ם (ve-hivdaltem) – Root: בדל (b-d-l); Form: Conjunction + Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “And you shall distinguish”; Notes: Refers to the act of separation commanded by YHWH.
- בֵּֽין־הַבְּהֵמָ֤ה (bein-ha-behemah) – Root: בהמה (b-h-m-h); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “Between the animal”; Notes: Indicates distinction among animals.
- הַטְּהֹרָה֙ (ha-tehorah) – Root: טהור (t-h-r); Form: Adjective feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “The clean”; Notes: Describes ritually pure animals.
- לַטְּמֵאָ֔ה (la-teme’ah) – Root: טמא (t-m-ʾ); Form: Preposition + adjective feminine singular; Translation: “The unclean”; Notes: Describes ritually impure animals.
- וּבֵין־הָעֹ֥וף (u-vein-ha-of) – Root: עוף (ʿ-w-f); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “And between the bird”; Notes: Refers to flying creatures.
- הַטָּמֵ֖א (ha-tame) – Root: טמא (t-m-ʾ); Form: Adjective masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The unclean”; Notes: Describes ritually impure birds.
- לַטָּהֹ֑ר (la-tahor) – Root: טהור (t-h-r); Form: Preposition + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “The clean”; Notes: Describes ritually pure birds.
- וְלֹֽא־תְשַׁקְּצ֨וּ (ve-lo-teshaktzu) – Root: שׁקץ (sh-q-ts); Form: Conjunction + negation + Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “And you shall not make detestable”; Notes: Prohibition against defiling oneself.
- אֶת־נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֜ם (et-nafshoteikhem) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Your souls”; Notes: Refers to the individuals being addressed.
- בַּבְּהֵמָ֣ה (ba-behemah) – Root: בהמה (b-h-m-h); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “By the animal”; Notes: Includes domestic and wild animals.
- וּבָעֹ֗וף (u-va-of) – Root: עוף (ʿ-w-f); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “And by the bird”; Notes: Refers to flying creatures.
- וּבְכֹל֙ (u-vechol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “And by all”; Notes: Includes every category.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: Relative particle; Form: Particle; Translation: “That”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- תִּרְמֹ֣שׂ (tirmos) – Root: רמש (r-m-sh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “Creeps”; Notes: Refers to crawling or moving on the ground.
- הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה (ha-adamah) – Root: אדמה (ʾ-d-m-h); Form: Noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “The ground”; Notes: Refers to the earth or land.
- אֲשֶׁר־ (asher) – Root: Relative particle; Form: Particle; Translation: “Which”; Notes: Connects the relative clause.
- הִבְדַּ֥לְתִּי (hivdalti) – Root: בדל (b-d-l); Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have separated”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s action of distinguishing.
- לָכֶ֖ם (lachem) – Root: Pronoun; Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “For you”; Notes: Indicates the recipients of the command.
- לְטַמֵּֽא (le-tamme) – Root: טמא (t-m-ʾ); Form: Preposition + Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “To consider unclean”; Notes: Indicates the purpose of the separation.