Leviticus 21:12

וּמִן־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ לֹ֣א יֵצֵ֔א וְלֹ֣א יְחַלֵּ֔ל אֵ֖ת מִקְדַּ֣שׁ אֱלֹהָ֑יו כִּ֡י נֵ֠זֶר שֶׁ֣מֶן מִשְׁחַ֧ת אֱלֹהָ֛יו עָלָ֖יו אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃

And he shall not go out of the sanctuary, and he shall not profane the sanctuary of his God, for the consecration of the anointing oil of his God is upon him; I am YHWH.

Morphology

1. וּמִן־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ (u-min-ha-miqdash) – Root: קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “And from the sanctuary”; Notes: Refers to the holy place, emphasizing his duty to remain within it.
2. לֹ֣א יֵצֵ֔א (lo yetze) – Root: יצא (y-tz-ʾ); Form: Negative particle + verb Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall not go out”; Notes: Prohibits leaving the sanctuary to avoid defilement.
3. וְלֹ֣א יְחַלֵּ֔ל (ve-lo yeḥalel) – Root: חלל (ḥ-l-l); Form: Conjunction + negative particle + verb Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he shall not profane”; Notes: Ensures the sanctity of the holy place is maintained.
4. אֵ֖ת מִקְדַּ֣שׁ אֱלֹהָ֑יו (et miqdash elohaiv) – Root: קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Definite direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “The sanctuary of his God”; Notes: Refers to the sacred dwelling place of YHWH.
5. כִּ֡י נֵ֠זֶר (ki nezer) – Root: נזר (n-z-r); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “For the consecration”; Notes: Indicates the reason for the prohibition, relating to the priest’s holiness.
6. שֶׁ֣מֶן מִשְׁחַ֧ת (shemen mishḥat) – Root: שמן (sh-m-n) + משח (m-sh-ḥ); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “The oil of anointing”; Notes: Refers to the special oil used for consecration.
7. אֱלֹהָ֛יו (elohaiv) – Root: אלוה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Of his God”; Notes: Emphasizes the personal relationship and responsibility to YHWH.
8. עָלָ֖יו (ʿalav) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Upon him”; Notes: Denotes the priest’s special consecration.
9. אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה (ani YHWH) – Root: אנ (ʾ-n) + Tetragrammaton; Form: Pronoun + proper noun; Translation: “I am YHWH”; Notes: Serves as the divine authority for the command.