וְאִם־נֶ֧פֶשׁ אַחַ֛ת תֶּחֱטָ֥א בִשְׁגָגָ֖ה מֵעַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ בַּ֠עֲשֹׂתָהּ אַחַ֨ת מִמִּצְוֹ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה וְאָשֵֽׁם׃
And if one soul sins unintentionally from among the people of the land by doing any of the commands of YHWH that ought not to be done, and becomes guilty:
Morphology
- וְאִם־ (veʾim) – Root: אם (ʾ-m); Form: Conjunction + conditional particle; Translation: “And if”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
- נֶ֧פֶשׁ (nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “Soul”; Notes: Refers to an individual person.
- אַחַ֛ת (aḥat) – Root: אחד (ʾ-ḥ-d); Form: Numeral, fs; Translation: “One”; Notes: Specifies one individual.
- תֶּחֱטָ֥א (teḥeta) – Root: חטא (ḥ-ṭ-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, 3fs; Translation: “She sins”; Notes: Refers to an unintentional sin.
- בִשְׁגָגָ֖ה (bishgagah) – Root: שׁגה (sh-g-h); Form: Preposition + noun, fs; Translation: “Unintentionally”; Notes: Indicates the nature of the sin.
- מֵעַ֣ם (meʿam) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Preposition + noun, ms; Translation: “From among the people”; Notes: Specifies the origin of the individual.
- הָאָ֑רֶץ (haʾaretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Form: Definite article + noun, fs; Translation: “The land”; Notes: Refers to the community of Israel.
- בַּ֠עֲשֹׂתָהּ (baʿasotah) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Preposition + infinitive construct + 3fs suffix; Translation: “By doing it”; Notes: Refers to the action committed.
- אַחַ֨ת (aḥat) – Root: אחד (ʾ-ḥ-d); Form: Numeral, fs; Translation: “One”; Notes: Refers to one of the commandments.
- מִמִּצְוֹ֧ת (mimmitsvot) – Root: מצוה (m-ṣ-w-h); Form: Preposition + noun, fp construct; Translation: “Of the commandments of”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s commandments.
- יְהוָ֛ה (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name of God.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “That”; Notes: Connects the clause to the commandments.
- לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה (lo-teʿasenah) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Negative particle + verb, Niphal, imperfect, 3fp; Translation: “Ought not to be done”; Notes: Refers to prohibited actions.
- וְאָשֵֽׁם (veʾashem) – Root: אשם (ʾ-sh-m); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And becomes guilty”; Notes: Indicates the result of the sin.