ה֗וּא הֵשִׁיב֙ אֶת־גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִלְּבֹ֥וא חֲמָ֖ת עַד־יָ֣ם הָעֲרָבָ֑ה כִּדְבַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֗ר בְּיַד־עַבְדֹּ֞ו יֹונָ֤ה בֶן־אֲמִתַּי֙ הַנָּבִ֔יא אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִגַּ֥ת הַחֵֽפֶר׃
He restored the border of Yisraʾel from the entrance of Ḥamat to the Sea of the ʿAravah, according to the word of YHWH, the God of Yisraʾel, which He spoke by the hand of His servant Yonah son of ʾAmitai, the prophet who was from Gat Ḥefer.
Morphology
- ה֗וּא (hu) – Root: הוא; Form: Pronoun 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He”; Notes: Refers to Yarovʿam II.
- הֵשִׁיב֙ (heshiv) – Root: שׁוב (shuv); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “restored”; Notes: Hifil denotes causative action — bringing back or reinstating territory.
- אֶת־גְּב֣וּל (et-gevul) – Root: גבול; Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the border of”; Notes: Refers to national territorial boundary.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom.
- מִלְּבֹ֥וא (mi-levo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Preposition + infinitive construct; Translation: “from the entrance of”; Notes: Marks the northern border limit.
- חֲמָ֖ת (Ḥamat) – Root: חמת; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥamat”; Notes: A northern city near the Orontes River, often marking the upper border of Yisraʾel.
- עַד־יָ֣ם (ʿad-yam) – Root: עד, ים; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the sea of”; Notes: Southern boundary marker.
- הָעֲרָבָ֑ה (ha-ʿAravah) – Root: ערבה; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the ʿAravah”; Notes: The desert valley region south of the Dead Sea.
- כִּדְבַ֤ר (ki-dvar) – Root: דבר; Form: Conjunction + construct noun masculine singular; Translation: “according to the word of”; Notes: Introduces the divine authorization for the act.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: — ; Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- אֱלֹהֵ֣י (ʾElohei) – Root: אלהים; Form: Construct masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “God of”; Notes: Part of construct with Yisraʾel.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the people/nation whom YHWH addresses.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause about the prophecy.
- דִּבֶּ֗ר (dibber) – Root: דבר; Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he spoke”; Notes: Piel intensifies or specifies the formal speech act.
- בְּיַד־עַבְדֹּ֞ו (be-yad ʿavdo) – Root: יד, עבד; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular + noun masculine singular with suffix; Translation: “by the hand of His servant”; Notes: Hebrew idiom for prophetic agency.
- יֹונָ֤ה (Yonah) – Root: יונה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yonah”; Notes: The prophet known from the Book of Yonah.
- בֶן־אֲמִתַּי֙ (ben-ʾAmitai) – Root: בן, אמת; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of ʾAmitai”; Notes: Standard genealogical formula.
- הַנָּבִ֔יא (ha-navi) – Root: נבא; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the prophet”; Notes: His formal office as YHWH’s spokesperson.
- אֲשֶׁ֖ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces information about Yonah’s origin.
- מִגַּ֥ת הַחֵֽפֶר (mi-Gat ha-Ḥefer) – Root: גת, חפר; Form: Preposition + construct noun + definite proper noun; Translation: “from Gat-Ḥefer”; Notes: A town in the territory of Zevulun, Yonah’s hometown.