וְגַם֩ אֶת־כָּל־בָּתֵּ֨י הַבָּמֹ֜ות אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעָרֵ֣י שֹׁמְרֹ֗ון אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֜וּ מַלְכֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְהַכְעִ֔יס הֵסִ֖יר יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָהֶ֔ם כְּכָל־הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בְּבֵֽית־אֵֽל׃
And also all the houses of the high places that were in the cities of Shomeron, which the kings of Yisraʾel had made to provoke, Yoshiyyahu removed, and he did to them according to all the deeds that he had done in Beit-ʾel.
Morphology
- וְגַם֩ (ve-gam) – Root: גם; Form: Conjunction/adverb; Translation: “And also”; Notes: Adds to the list of reforms or actions taken.
- אֶת־כָּל־בָּתֵּ֨י (et-kol-batei) – Root: בית; Form: Direct object marker + universal quantifier + construct plural noun; Translation: “all the houses of”; Notes: Refers to temple-like structures associated with idolatry.
- הַבָּמֹ֜ות (ha-bamot) – Root: במה; Form: Definite plural noun; Translation: “the high places”; Notes: Local cultic shrines illicit according to Torah.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעָרֵ֣י שֹׁמְרֹ֗ון (asher be-ʿarei Shomeron) – Root: עיר; Form: Relative pronoun + prepositional phrase; Translation: “that were in the cities of Shomeron”; Notes: Refers to former northern kingdom territory.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֜וּ (asher ʿasu) – Root: עשה; Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “which they had made”; Notes: Refers to the actions of the kings of Yisraʾel.
- מַלְכֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (malkei Yisraʾel) – Root: מלך; Form: Construct plural noun + proper noun; Translation: “kings of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Kings of the northern kingdom who promoted idolatry.
- לְהַכְעִ֔יס (le-hakhʿis) – Root: כעס; Form: Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “to provoke”; Notes: Refers to provoking YHWH to anger.
- הֵסִ֖יר (hesir) – Root: סור; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he removed”; Notes: Describes Yoshiyahu’s reform action.
- יֹאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ (Yoshiyahu) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoshiyahu”; Notes: Refers to King Josiah of Yehudah.
- וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָהֶ֔ם (va-yaʿas lahem) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + prepositional suffix; Translation: “and he did to them”; Notes: Refers to actions against the high places.
- כְּכָל־הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים (ke-khol ha-maʿasim) – Root: עשה; Form: Preposition + universal quantifier + definite plural noun; Translation: “according to all the deeds”; Notes: Refers to the previous purging actions.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה (asher ʿasah) – Root: עשה; Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “that he did”; Notes: Refers to past actions in Beit-El.
- בְּבֵֽית־אֵֽל (be-Veit-El) – Root: בית + אל; Form: Preposition + proper noun in construct; Translation: “in Beit-ʾEl”; Notes: Location of prior cultic reform by Yoshiyahu.