וּבַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַֽחֲמִישִׁי֙ בְּשִׁבְעָ֣ה לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ הִ֗יא שְׁנַת֙ תְּשַֽׁע־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֑ל בָּ֞א נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֧ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֛ים עֶ֥בֶד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
And in the fifth month, on the seventh of the month—it was the nineteenth year for King Nevukhadnetstsar king of Bavel—came Nevuzarʾadan, Chief of the Executioners, servant of the king of Bavel, to Yerushalayim.
Morphology
- וּבַחֹדֶשׁ (u-va-ḥodesh) – Root: חדש (ḥodesh); Form: Conjunction + preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “And in the month”; Notes: Introduces the temporal setting.
- הַחֲמִישִׁי (ha-ḥamishi) – Root: חמשׁ (ḥamesh); Form: Definite ordinal adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the fifth”; Notes: Specifies the month in the calendar (Av).
- בְּשִׁבְעָה (be-shivʿah) – Root: שבע (shevaʿ); Form: Preposition + cardinal number masculine singular; Translation: “on the seventh”; Notes: Specifies the day of the month.
- לַחֹדֶשׁ (la-ḥodesh) – Root: חדש (ḥodesh); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “of the month”; Notes: Completes the date reference.
- הִיא (hi) – Root: —; Form: Pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “it was”; Notes: Copula indicating an explanatory clause.
- שְׁנַת (shənat) – Root: שנה (shanah); Form: Construct noun feminine singular; Translation: “year of”; Notes: Introduces a regnal year expression.
- תְּשַׁע־עֶשְׂרֵה (təshaʿ-ʿesreh) – Root: תשע + עשר; Form: Cardinal compound number; Translation: “nineteen”; Notes: Ordinal usage in regnal dating formula.
- שָׁנָה (shanah) – Root: שנה (shanah); Form: Absolute noun feminine singular; Translation: “year”; Notes: Completes the chronological statement.
- לַמֶּלֶךְ (la-melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “for the king”; Notes: Refers to whose regnal year is being counted.
- נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר (Nevukhadnetstsar) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Nevukhadnetstsar”; Notes: Babylonian king, invader of Yerushalayim.
- מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל (melekh-Bavel) – Root: מלך, בבל; Form: Construct noun + proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “king of Bavel”; Notes: Defines his rulership domain.
- בָּא (ba) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “came”; Notes: Marks the arrival of an agent.
- נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן (Nevuzarʾadan) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Nevuzarʾadan”; Notes: Babylonian official who oversaw the destruction of Yerushalayim.
- רַב־טַבָּחִים (rav-tabbaḥim) – Root: רב + טבח (ṭavaḥ); Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “chief of the executioners”; Notes: Title of high-ranking military or guard officer.
- עֶבֶד (ʿeved) – Root: עבד (ʿavad); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “servant”; Notes: Here in the sense of official or subordinate.
- מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל (melekh-Bavel) – Root: מלך, בבל; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “king of Bavel”; Notes: Repeated to emphasize who Nevuzarʾadan serves.
- יְרוּשָׁלִָם (Yerushalayim) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: Final location in the verse—the city of destruction.