2 Samuel 11:25

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־הַמַּלְאָ֗ךְ כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֤ר אֶל־יֹואָב֙ אַל־יֵרַ֤ע בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־כָזֹ֥ה וְכָזֶ֖ה תֹּאכַ֣ל הֶחָ֑רֶב הַחֲזֵ֨ק מִלְחַמְתְּךָ֧ אֶל־הָעִ֛יר וְהָרְסָ֖הּ וְחַזְּקֵֽהוּ׃

And Dawid said to the messenger, “Thus shall you say to Yoʾav: ‘Do not let this matter be evil in your eyes, for the sword devours one way and another. Strengthen your battle against the city and overthrow it.’ And encourage him.”

 

Morphology

  1. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Refers to Dawid speaking.
  2. דָּוִ֜ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the speech.
  3. אֶל־הַמַּלְאָ֗ךְ (el-ha-malʾakh) – Root: מלאך (malʾakh); Form: Preposition + definite noun; Translation: “to the messenger”; Notes: Recipient of Dawid’s instruction.
  4. כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֤ר (koh-toʾmar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Adverb + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Thus you shall say”; Notes: Common formula for relaying a message.
  5. אֶל־יֹואָב֙ (el-Yoʾav) – Root: יואב (Yoʾav); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Yoʾav”; Notes: Commander of Dawid’s army.
  6. אַל־יֵרַ֤ע (ʾal-yēraʿ) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Let it not be evil”; Notes: Prohibition or reassurance.
  7. בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ (be-ʿeineikha) – Root: עין (ʿayin); Form: Preposition + dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in your eyes”; Notes: Refers to perception or opinion.
  8. אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה (et-ha-davar ha-zeh) – Roots: דבר (davar), זה (zeh); Form: Direct object + definite noun + demonstrative; Translation: “this matter”; Notes: Refers to the loss in battle, including Uriyyah’s death.
  9. כִּֽי־כָזֹ֥ה וְכָזֶ֖ה (ki-kazoh ve-kazeh) – Form: Conjunction + demonstratives; Translation: “for like this and like that”; Notes: Introduces a general truth or inevitability.
  10. תֹּאכַ֣ל (toʾkhal) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it devours”; Notes: Refers to “the sword” as the subject.
  11. הֶחָ֑רֶב (he-ḥarev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the sword”; Notes: Personified as a devourer.
  12. הַחֲזֵ֨ק (haḥazēq) – Root: חזק (ḥazaq); Form: Hifil imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Strengthen”; Notes: Command to Yoʾav to intensify the effort.
  13. מִלְחַמְתְּךָ֧ (milḥamtekha) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Feminine noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your battle”; Notes: Refers to the ongoing siege.
  14. אֶל־הָעִ֛יר (el-ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “against the city”; Notes: The city under siege (likely Rabbah).
  15. וְהָרְסָ֖הּ (ve-har’sah) – Root: רסס (rasas); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and overthrow it”; Notes: Destruction of the city is commanded.
  16. וְחַזְּקֵֽהוּ (ve-ḥazzəqēhu) – Root: חזק (ḥazaq); Form: Piel imperative masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and encourage him”; Notes: Encouragement to Yoʾav amid loss.

 

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