2 Samuel 22:41

וְאֹ֣יְבַ֔י תַּ֥תָּה לִּ֖י עֹ֑רֶף מְשַׂנְאַ֖י וָאַצְמִיתֵֽם׃

And my enemies You gave me the back of the neck; those who hate me, and I destroyed them.

Morphology

1. וְאֹיְבַי (veʾoyevai) – Root: איב (ʾayav); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “and my enemies”; Notes: Refers to hostile opponents in battle.
2. תַּתָּה (tattah) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular (rare form); Translation: “You gave” or “You placed”; Notes: Archaic form sometimes appearing in poetry.
3. לִּי (li) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me” or “for me”; Notes: Indicates the beneficiary of the action.
4. עֹרֶף (ʿoref) – Root: ערף (ʿoref); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “neck” or “back of the neck”; Notes: Symbolizes turning the back in flight or submission.
5. מְשַׂנְאַי (mesanʾai) – Root: שׂנא (sane); Form: Participle masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “those who hate me”; Notes: Common expression for enemies or adversaries.
6. וָאַצְמִיתֵם (vaʾatsmiteim) – Root: שׁמד (shamad); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and I destroyed them”; Notes: Intensive/causative action indicating total annihilation.