וְאִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִקַּ֣ח אֶת־אֲחֹתֹ֡ו בַּת־אָבִ֣יו אֹ֣ו בַת־֠אִמֹּו וְרָאָ֨ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתָ֜הּ וְהִֽיא־תִרְאֶ֤ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתֹו֙ חֶ֣סֶד ה֔וּא וְנִ֨כְרְת֔וּ לְעֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י עַמָּ֑ם עֶרְוַ֧ת אֲחֹתֹ֛ו גִּלָּ֖ה עֲוֹנֹ֥ו יִשָּֽׂא׃
And a man who takes his sister, the daughter of his father or the daughter of his mother, and sees her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness—it is a disgrace, and they shall be cut off in the sight of the people. He has uncovered his sister’s nakedness; he shall bear his iniquity.
Morphology
- וְאִ֣ישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “And a man”; Notes: Refers to an individual male.
- אֲשֶׁר־יִקַּ֣ח (asher yiqqach) – Root: לקח (l-q-ḥ); Form: Relative pronoun + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Who takes”; Notes: Introduces the condition.
- אֶת־אֲחֹתֹ֡ו (et-achoto) – Root: אחות (ʾ-ḥ-w-t); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His sister”; Notes: Specifies the object of the action.
- בַּת־אָבִ֣יו (bat-aviv) – Root: בת (b-t) + אב (ʾ-v); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “The daughter of his father”; Notes: Identifies the familial relationship.
- אֹ֣ו בַת־֠אִמֹּו (o bat-imo) – Root: או (ʾ-v) + אם (ʾ-m); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular construct + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Or the daughter of his mother”; Notes: Continues the relational context.
- וְרָאָ֨ה (ve-ra’ah) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And sees”; Notes: Describes the action.
- אֶת־עֶרְוָתָ֜הּ (et-ervatah) – Root: ערוה (ʿ-r-w-h); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “Her nakedness”; Notes: Refers to her private parts.
- וְהִֽיא־תִרְאֶ֤ה (ve-hi tireh) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Conjunction + pronoun + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And she sees”; Notes: Indicates mutual action.
- אֶת־עֶרְוָתֹו֙ (et-ervato) – Root: ערוה (ʿ-r-w-h); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His nakedness”; Notes: Refers to his private parts.
- חֶ֣סֶד (ḥesed) – Root: חסד (ḥ-s-d); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “Disgrace”; Notes: Denotes a shameful act.
- ה֔וּא (hu) – Root: None; Form: Pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “It is”; Notes: Clarifies the nature of the act.
- וְנִ֨כְרְת֔וּ (ve-nikretu) – Root: כרת (k-r-t); Form: Conjunction + Niphal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “They shall be cut off”; Notes: Indicates punishment.
- לְעֵינֵ֖י (le-eynei) – Root: עין (ʿ-y-n); Form: Preposition + noun feminine dual construct; Translation: “In the sight of”; Notes: Specifies public accountability.
- בְּנֵ֣י עַמָּ֑ם (benei amam) – Root: בן (b-n) + עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “The children of their people”; Notes: Indicates communal context.
- עֶרְוַ֧ת אֲחֹתֹ֛ו (ervat achoto) – Root: ערוה (ʿ-r-w-h) + אחות (ʾ-ḥ-w-t); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “The nakedness of his sister”; Notes: Specifies the transgression.
- גִּלָּ֖ה (gillah) – Root: גלה (g-l-h); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He has uncovered”; Notes: Denotes exposure of nakedness.
- עֲוֹנֹ֥ו (avono) – Root: עון (ʿ-v-n); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His iniquity”; Notes: Refers to guilt.
- יִשָּֽׂא (yissa) – Root: נשא (n-s-ʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall bear”; Notes: Indicates personal responsibility for the sin.