Numbers 20:18

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֱדֹ֔ום לֹ֥א תַעֲבֹ֖ר בִּ֑י פֶּן־בַּחֶ֖רֶב אֵצֵ֥א לִקְרָאתֶֽךָ׃

And Edom said to him, “You shall not pass through me, lest I come out against you with the sword.”

Morphology

1. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (vayyo’mer) – Root: אמר (amar); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Refers to Edom’s response.
2. אֵלָיו֙ (elav) – Root: אל (el); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Indicates the direction of Edom’s speech.
3. אֱדֹ֔ום (Edom) – Root: אדם (edom); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: Refers to the nation descended from Esau.
4. לֹ֥א תַעֲבֹ֖ר (lo ta’avor) – Root: עבר (avar); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall not pass”; Notes: A prohibition against entering Edom’s land.
5. בִּ֑י (bi) – Root: ב (b); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “through me”; Notes: Refers to passing through Edom’s territory.
6. פֶּן־ (pen) – Root: פן (pen); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “lest”; Notes: Introduces a warning or condition.
7. בַּחֶ֖רֶב (bacherev) – Root: חרב (cherev); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “with the sword”; Notes: Refers to a potential threat of violence.
8. אֵצֵ֥א (etze) – Root: יצא (yatsa); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will come out”; Notes: Refers to Edom’s threat of confrontation.
9. לִקְרָאתֶֽךָ׃ (likratekha) – Root: קרה (qarah); Form: Preposition with noun, feminine singular construct and 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to meet you”; Notes: Indicates an encounter, likely hostile.