וְהִתְנַחַלְתֶּם֩ אֶת־הָאָ֨רֶץ בְּגֹורָ֜ל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם לָרַ֞ב תַּרְבּ֤וּ אֶת־נַחֲלָתֹו֙ וְלַמְעַט֙ תַּמְעִ֣יט אֶת־נַחֲלָתֹ֔ו אֶל֩ אֲשֶׁר־יֵ֨צֵא לֹ֥ו שָׁ֛מָּה הַגֹּורָ֖ל לֹ֣ו יִהְיֶ֑ה לְמַטֹּ֥ות אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם תִּתְנֶחָֽלוּ׃
And you shall divide the land by lot as an inheritance among your families; to the larger you shall increase their inheritance, and to the smaller you shall reduce their inheritance. Wherever the lot falls for someone, it shall be theirs; according to the tribes of your fathers, you shall inherit.
Morphology
- וְהִתְנַחַלְתֶּם֩ (ve-hitnaḥal-tem) – Root: נחל (nḥl); Form: Hitpael perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “And you shall divide as an inheritance”; Notes: Reflects reciprocal or reflexive action.
- אֶת־הָאָ֨רֶץ (et-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾrṣ); Form: Direct object marker with definite noun; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the land of Kenaʿan.
- בְּגֹורָ֜ל (be-goral) – Root: גורל (grl); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “by lot”; Notes: Refers to the process of casting lots to determine inheritance.
- לְמִשְׁפְּחֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם (le-mishpeḥoteikhem) – Root: משפחה (mšpḥ); Form: Preposition with plural noun and 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “among your families”; Notes: Specifies distribution by family units.
- לָרַ֞ב (la-rav) – Root: רבב (rbb); Form: Preposition with adjective; Translation: “to the larger”; Notes: Indicates proportionate distribution.
- תַּרְבּ֤וּ (tarbu) – Root: רבב (rbb); Form: Hifil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall increase”; Notes: Refers to enlarging inheritance.
- אֶת־נַחֲלָתֹו֙ (et-naḥalato) – Root: נחל (nḥl); Form: Direct object marker with noun, feminine singular and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “their inheritance”; Notes: Refers to the allotment of land.
- וְלַמְעַט֙ (ve-la-maʿat) – Root: מעט (mʿṭ); Form: Conjunction with adjective; Translation: “and to the smaller”; Notes: Refers to lesser family groups.
- תַּמְעִ֣יט (tamʿit) – Root: מעט (mʿṭ); Form: Hifil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall reduce”; Notes: Indicates a lesser allotment.
- אֶת־נַחֲלָתֹ֔ו (et-naḥalato) – Root: נחל (nḥl); Form: Direct object marker with noun, feminine singular and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “their inheritance”; Notes: Parallel structure to the previous clause.
- אֶל֩ (el) – Root: אל (ʾl); Form: Preposition; Translation: “to”; Notes: Denotes direction.
- אֲשֶׁר־יֵ֨צֵא (ʾasher-yetze) – Root: יצא (yṣʾ); Form: Relative pronoun with Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “wherever it falls”; Notes: Refers to the outcome of the lot.
- לֹ֥ו (lo) – Root: לו (l); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “for him”; Notes: Indicates possession.
- שָׁ֛מָּה (shammah) – Root: שם (šm); Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Specifies location.
- הַגֹּורָ֖ל (ha-goral) – Root: גורל (grl); Form: Definite noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the lot”; Notes: Refers to the decision-making mechanism.
- לֹ֣ו (lo) – Root: לו (l); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “for him”; Notes: Indicates belonging.
- יִהְיֶ֑ה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (hyh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it shall be”; Notes: Expresses future certainty.
- לְמַטֹּ֥ות (le-matot) – Root: מטה (mṭh); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine plural; Translation: “to the tribes”; Notes: Refers to tribal divisions.
- אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם (avoteikhem) – Root: אב (ʾb); Form: Plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “of your fathers”; Notes: Refers to ancestral tribes.
- תִּתְנֶחָֽלוּ׃ (titnaḥalu) – Root: נחל (nḥl); Form: Hitpael imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall inherit”; Notes: Indicates the distribution of land by inheritance among the tribes.