וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֗ה סִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבֹּ֔ון הַעֲבִרֵ֖נוּ בֹּ֑ו כִּֽי־הִקְשָׁה֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֶת־רוּחֹ֗ו וְאִמֵּץ֙ אֶת־לְבָבֹ֔ו לְמַ֛עַן תִּתֹּ֥ו בְיָדְךָ֖ כַּיֹּ֥ום הַזֶּֽה׃ ס
But Siḥon, King of Ḥeshbon, was not willing to let us pass through, for YHWH your God hardened his spirit and made his heart obstinate in order to deliver him into your hand, as is the case this day.
Morphology
- וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lʾ); Form: Conjunction + negation; Translation: “And not”; Notes: Indicates negation of the following verb.
- אָבָ֗ה (avah) – Root: אבה (ʾbh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he was willing”; Notes: Refers to Sichon’s refusal.
- סִיחֹן֙ (Siḥon) – Root: סיחן (syḥn); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Sichon”; Notes: Name of the king of Ḥeshbon.
- מֶ֣לֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך (mlk); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “king”; Notes: Title of authority.
- חֶשְׁבֹּ֔ון (Ḥeshbon) – Root: חשב (ḥšb); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥeshbon”; Notes: City ruled by Sichon.
- הַעֲבִרֵ֖נוּ (haʿavireinu) – Root: עבר (ʿbr); Form: Hifil infinitive construct with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “let us pass through”; Notes: Request for passage.
- בֹּ֑ו (bo) – Root: בו (bw); Form: Preposition + pronominal suffix; Translation: “through it”; Notes: Refers to Ḥeshbon.
- כִּֽי־הִקְשָׁה֩ (ki-hiqshah) – Root: קשה (qšh); Form: Conjunction + Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “for he hardened”; Notes: Explains Sichon’s unwillingness.
- יְהוָ֨ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (yhwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ (Elohekha) – Root: אלוה (ʾlh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Emphasizes divine involvement.
- אֶת־רוּחֹ֗ו (et-ruḥo) – Root: רוח (rwḥ); Form: Accusative particle + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his spirit”; Notes: Refers to Sichon’s attitude.
- וְאִמֵּץ֙ (ve-immets) – Root: אמץ (ʾmṣ); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and made obstinate”; Notes: Further description of divine action.
- אֶת־לְבָבֹ֔ו (et-levavo) – Root: לבב (lbv); Form: Accusative particle + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his heart”; Notes: Refers to Sichon’s resolve.
- לְמַ֛עַן (lemaʿan) – Root: מען (mʿn); Form: Preposition; Translation: “in order to”; Notes: Indicates purpose.
- תִּתֹּ֥ו (titto) – Root: נתן (ntn); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you deliver him”; Notes: Refers to Israel’s role.
- בְיָדְךָ֖ (beyadkha) – Root: יד (yd); Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “into your hand”; Notes: Symbol of control or power.
- כַּיֹּ֥ום (kayom) – Root: יום (ywm); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “as this day”; Notes: Temporal reference.
- הַזֶּֽה׃ (hazzeh) – Root: זה (zh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Refers to the present moment.