וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים כִּֽי־הִתְקַבְּצ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הַמִּצְפָּ֔תָה וַיַּעֲל֥וּ סַרְנֵֽי־פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃
And the Pelishtim heard that the sons of Yisraʾel had gathered at the Mitzpa, and the chiefs of the Pelishtim went up against Yisraʾel. And the sons of Yisraʾel heard, and they were afraid because of the Pelishtim.
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ (vayyishmeʿu) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they heard”; Notes: Indicates a reaction to an event.
- פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשת (Peleshet); Form: Proper noun, plural; Translation: “the Pelishtim”; Notes: The Philistines.
- כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a reason or explanation.
- הִתְקַבְּצ֤וּ (hitqabtzu) – Root: קבץ (qavatz); Form: Hitpael perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “had gathered”; Notes: Reflexive action.
- בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (bene-Yisraʾel) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the sons of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yisraʾel.
- הַמִּצְפָּ֔תָה (ha-Mitzpatah) – Root: מצפה (Mitzpah); Form: Proper noun with directional suffix; Translation: “at the Mitzpah”; Notes: A significant location in Yisraʾel.
- וַיַּעֲל֥וּ (vayyaʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they went up”; Notes: Indicates movement.
- סַרְנֵֽי־פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים (sarnei-Pelishtim) – Root: סר (sar); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the chiefs of the Pelishtim”; Notes: Political leaders.
- אֶל־ (el) – Root: אל (el); Form: Preposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: Indicates opposition.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation.
- וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ (vayyishmeʿu) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they heard”; Notes: Repeated verb emphasizes reaction.
- בְּנֵ֣י (bene) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the sons of”; Notes: Possessive construct.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The people of Yisraʾel.
- וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ (vayyiru) – Root: ירא (yareʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they were afraid”; Notes: Expresses fear.
- מִפְּנֵ֥י (mipnei) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Preposition with noun construct; Translation: “because of”; Notes: Expresses causation.
- פְלִשְׁתִּֽים (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשת (Peleshet); Form: Proper noun, plural; Translation: “the Pelishtim”; Notes: The Philistines.