אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי־הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹ֥א הָלַךְ֮ בַּעֲצַ֪ת רְשָׁ֫עִ֥ים וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ חַ֭טָּאִים לֹ֥א עָמָ֑ד וּבְמֹושַׁ֥ב לֵ֝צִ֗ים לֹ֣א יָשָֽׁב׃
Happy is the man who has not walked in the counsel of the wicked ones, and in the way of sinners has not stood, and in the seat of scoffers has not sat.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אַשְׁרֵי־ | ʾashrei | “happy/blessed of” | N(mp const.) |
| 2 | הָאִישׁ | ha-ʾish | “the man” | Def. art. הַ + N(ms) |
| 3 | אֲשֶׁר | ʾasher | “who/which” | Relative particle |
| 4 | לֹא | lo | “not” | Neg. particle |
| 5 | הָלַךְ | halakh | “he walked” | Binyan: Qal; Perfect 3ms |
| 6 | בַּעֲצַת | ba-ʿatsat | “in the counsel of” | Prep בְּ + N(fs const.) |
| 7 | רְשָׁעִים | reshaʿim | “wicked ones” | N(mp) |
| 8 | וּבְדֶרֶךְ | u-ve-derekh | “and in the way of” | Conj וְ + Prep בְּ + N(fs) |
| 9 | חַטָּאִים | ḥattaʾim | “sinners” | N(mp) |
| 10 | לֹא | lo | “not” | Neg. particle |
| 11 | עָמָד | ʿamad | “he stood” | Binyan: Qal; Perfect 3ms |
| 12 | וּבְמֹושַׁב | u-ve-moshav | “and in the seat of” | Conj וְ + Prep בְּ + N(ms) |
| 13 | לֵצִים | letsim | “scoffers” | N(mp) |
| 14 | לֹא | lo | “not” | Neg. particle |
| 15 | יָשָׁב | yashav | “he sat” | Binyan: Qal; Perfect 3ms |
Morphology
- אַשְׁרֵי־ (ʾashrei) – Root: אשר (ʾ-š-r); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine plural construct (state: construct); Translation: “Happy of”; Notes: An exclamatory plural of intensity meaning “happy/blessed is,” governing what follows in construct relation.
- הָאִישׁ (ha-ʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Definite article הַ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the man”; Notes: The definite article individualizes the exemplary righteous person.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-š-r); Root Type: Strong; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces the defining relative clause describing the man.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Absolute negation of the verbal actions that follow.
- הָלַךְ (halakh) – Root: הלך (h-l-kh); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he walked”; Notes: Metaphorical for adopting a pattern of life or conduct.
- בַּעֲצַת (ba-ʿatsat) – Root: עצה (ʿ-ṣ-h); Root Type: III-He (weak); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct (state: construct); Translation: “in the counsel of”; Notes: The construct binds “counsel” to “wicked ones” as its genitive complement.
- רְשָׁעִים (reshaʿim) – Root: רשע (r-š-ʿ); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “wicked ones”; Notes: Denotes those characterized by guilt or injustice.
- וּבְדֶרֶךְ (u-ve-derekh) – Root: דרך (d-r-kh); Root Type: Strong; Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “and in the way of”; Notes: “Way” signifies habitual lifestyle or moral direction.
- חַטָּאִים (ḥattaʾim) – Root: חטא (ḥ-ṭ-ʾ); Root Type: III-Aleph (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “sinners”; Notes: Those who miss the mark, functioning here as a parallel to “wicked ones.”
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Repeated for rhythmic and emphatic negation.
- עָמָד (ʿamad) – Root: עמד (ʿ-m-d); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he stood”; Notes: Suggests taking a position or aligning oneself with a group.
- וּבְמֹושַׁב (u-ve-moshav) – Root: ישׁב (y-š-b); Root Type: I-Yod (weak); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct (state: construct); Translation: “and in the seat of”; Notes: “Seat” implies settled belonging or participation.
- לֵצִים (letsim) – Root: לוץ (l-w-ṣ); Root Type: Hollow (II-Waw); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “scoffers”; Notes: Those who mock or treat wisdom with contempt.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Final negation completing the threefold progression.
- יָשָׁב (yashav) – Root: ישׁב (y-š-b); Root Type: I-Yod (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he sat”; Notes: Conveys settled dwelling, marking the climax of progressive association.