וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל עַד־מָתַי֙ אַתָּה֙ מִתְאַבֵּ֣ל אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַאֲנִ֣י מְאַסְתִּ֔יו מִמְּלֹ֖ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מַלֵּ֨א קַרְנְךָ֜ שֶׁ֗מֶן וְלֵ֤ךְ אֶֽשְׁלָחֲךָ֙ אֶל־יִשַׁ֣י בֵּֽית־הַלַּחְמִ֔י כִּֽי־רָאִ֧יתִי בְּבָנָ֛יו לִ֖י מֶֽלֶךְ׃
And YHWH said to Shemuʾel, “Until when will you mourn for Shaʾul, while I have rejected him from reigning over Yisraʾel? Fill your horn with oil and go. I will send you to Yishai the Beit-leḥemite, for I have seen for Myself a king among his sons.”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (vayyoʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And He said”; Notes: Refers to YHWH speaking.
- יְהוָ֜ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The subject of the speech.
- אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל (ʾel-Shemuʾel) – Root: שמואל (Shemuʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to Shemuʾel”; Notes: The recipient of YHWH’s message.
- עַד־מָתַי֙ (ʿad-matay) – Root: מתי (matay); Form: Interrogative; Translation: “Until when”; Notes: Expresses duration.
- אַתָּה֙ (ʾattah) – Root: אתה (ʾattah); Form: Pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to Shemuʾel.
- מִתְאַבֵּ֣ל (mitʾabel) – Root: אבל (ʾaval); Form: Hitpael participle masculine singular; Translation: “mourning”; Notes: Reflexive, indicating grief.
- אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל (ʾel-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “for Shaʾul”; Notes: The object of mourning.
- וַאֲנִ֣י (vaʾani) – Root: אני (ʾani); Form: Pronoun, 1st person singular; Translation: “while I”; Notes: Contrast between Shemuʾel’s mourning and YHWH’s rejection.
- מְאַסְתִּ֔יו (meʾastiv) – Root: מאס (maʾas); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “I have rejected him”; Notes: YHWH’s decision regarding Shaʾul.
- מִמְּלֹ֖ךְ (mimlokh) – Root: מלך (malakh); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “from reigning”; Notes: The role Shaʾul is rejected from.
- עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: The people Shaʾul ruled.
- מַלֵּ֨א (malle) – Root: מלא (maleʾ); Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Fill”; Notes: Command to Shemuʾel.
- קַרְנְךָ֜ (qarnekha) – Root: קרן (qeren); Form: Noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your horn”; Notes: The container for anointing oil.
- שֶׁ֗מֶן (shemen) – Root: שמן (shemen); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “oil”; Notes: Used for anointing kings.
- וְלֵ֤ךְ (ve-lekh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and go”; Notes: Another command to Shemuʾel.
- אֶשְׁלָחֲךָ֙ (ʾeshlaḥakha) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “I will send you”; Notes: YHWH’s directive.
- אֶל־יִשַׁ֣י (ʾel-Yishai) – Root: ישי (Yishai); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to Yishai”; Notes: The father of David.
- בֵּֽית־הַלַּחְמִ֔י (Beit-haLaḥmi) – Root: בית לחם (Beit Leḥem); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the Beit-haLaḥmi”; Notes: Denotes his origin from Beit-Leḥem.
- כִּֽי־רָאִ֧יתִי (ki-raʾiti) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “for I have seen”; Notes: YHWH’s selection of the new king.
- בְּבָנָ֛יו (be-vanav) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “among his sons”; Notes: Among Yishai’s children.
- לִ֖י (li) – Root: לי (li); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “for Myself”; Notes: Indicates divine choice.
- מֶֽלֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a king”; Notes: The future ruler of Yisraʾel.