וַיֵּצְא֖וּ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֣י מִדֵּ֣י צֵאתָ֗ם שָׂכַ֤ל דָּוִד֙ מִכֹּל֙ עַבְדֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּיקַ֥ר שְׁמֹ֖ו מְאֹֽד׃ ס
And the chiefs of the Pelishtim went out, and it was that whenever they went out, Dawid acted more wisely than all the servants of Shaʾul, and his name became very esteemed.
Morphology
- וַיֵּצְא֖וּ (va-yétzeʾu) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they went out”; Notes: Refers to military activity.
- שָׂרֵ֣י (saréi) – Root: שר (sar); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “chiefs of”; Notes: Denotes leadership.
- פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים (Pelištím) – Root: פלש (palash); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the Pelishtim”; Notes: The enemy nation.
- וַיְהִ֣י (va-yehí) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it was”; Notes: Introduces a new condition.
- מִדֵּ֣י (middé) – Root: די (dei); Form: Preposition; Translation: “whenever”; Notes: Introduces a repeated action.
- צֵאתָ֗ם (tzetám) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “they went out”; Notes: Refers to their military expeditions.
- שָׂכַ֤ל (sákhal) – Root: שכל (sakhal); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “acted wisely”; Notes: Expresses skillful behavior.
- דָּוִד֙ (Dawíd) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- מִכֹּל֙ (mi-kól) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with preposition; Translation: “than all”; Notes: Indicates comparison.
- עַבְדֵ֣י (ʿavdé) – Root: עבד (ʿavad); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the servants of”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul’s officials.
- שָׁא֔וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאל (shaʾal); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Refers to King Shaʾul.
- וַיִּיקַ֥ר (va-yíqar) – Root: יקר (yaqar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he became esteemed”; Notes: Indicates an increase in reputation.
- שְׁמֹ֖ו (shemó) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his name”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s growing fame.
- מְאֹֽד (meʾód) – Root: מאד (meʾod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “very”; Notes: Emphasizes the extent of his reputation.