וַתְּהִי֩ ר֨וּחַ יְהוָ֤ה רָעָה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְהוּא֙ בְּבֵיתֹ֣ו יֹושֵׁ֔ב וַחֲנִיתֹ֖ו בְּיָדֹ֑ו וְדָוִ֖ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָֽד׃
And an evil spirit from YHWH came upon Shaʾul while he was sitting in his house, with his spear in his hand, and Dawid was playing with his hand.
Morphology
- וַתְּהִי֩ (va-tehí) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And it came to be”; Notes: Introduces a new event.
- ר֨וּחַ (ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “spirit”; Notes: Can refer to a divine or supernatural influence.
- יְהוָ֤ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine source of the spirit.
- רָעָה֙ (raʿah) – Root: רע (raʿ); Form: Adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “harmful”; Notes: Describes the nature of the spirit.
- אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל (ʾel-Shaʾul) – Root: שאל (shaʾal); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “upon Shaʾul”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of the spirit.
- וְהוּא֙ (ve-hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul.
- בְּבֵיתֹ֣ו (be-veitó) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in his house”; Notes: Specifies location.
- יֹושֵׁ֔ב (yoshev) – Root: ישב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “sitting”; Notes: Describes Shaʾul’s state.
- וַחֲנִיתֹ֖ו (va-ḥanitó) – Root: חנית (ḥanit); Form: Noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his spear”; Notes: Weapon in Shaʾul’s possession.
- בְּיָדֹ֑ו (be-yadó) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun, feminine singular with preposition and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in his hand”; Notes: Indicates readiness for action.
- וְדָוִ֖ד (ve-Dawíd) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and Dawid”; Notes: The secondary subject.
- מְנַגֵּ֥ן (menaggén) – Root: נגן (nagan); Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “was playing”; Notes: Denotes ongoing action.
- בְּיָֽד (be-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun, feminine singular with preposition; Translation: “with his hand”; Notes: Refers to playing an instrument.