אֵ֛לֶּה שְׁמ֥וֹת הַגִּבֹּרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְדָוִ֑ד יֹשֵׁ֨ב בַּשֶּׁ֜בֶת תַּחְכְּמֹנִ֣י רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׁלִשִׁ֗י ה֚וּא עֲדִינ֣וֹ הָֽעֶצְנִ֔ו עַל־שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֛וֹת חָלָ֖ל בְּפַ֥עַם אֶחָֽד׃
These are the names of the mighty men who were for Dawid: Yoshev Bashevet, a Taḥkemoni, chief of the officers—he was ʿAdino the ʿEtzni—he wielded his spear against eight hundred slain at one time.
Morphology
- אֵלֶּה (ʾelleh) – Root: אלה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “These”; Notes: Introduces a list.
- שְׁמוֹת (shemot) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “names”; Notes: Plural form of “name,” paired with the demonstrative.
- הַגִּבֹּרִים (ha-gibborim) – Root: גבר (gavar); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the mighty men”; Notes: Refers to heroic warriors.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a clause describing the mighty men.
- לְדָוִד (le-Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “for Dawid”; Notes: Indicates association or service.
- יֹשֵׁב בַּשֶּׁבֶת (yoshev bashevet) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine singular + definite noun; Translation: “Yoshev-bashevet”; Notes: Likely a title or epithet, literally “the one sitting in the seat.”
- תַּחְכְּמֹנִי (Taḥkemoni) – Root: חכם (ḥakham); Form: Gentilic; Translation: “a Taḥkemoni”; Notes: Possibly a family or clan name.
- רֹאשׁ (roʾsh) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “chief”; Notes: Indicates rank or leadership.
- הַשָּׁלִשִׁי (ha-shalishi) – Root: שׁלשׁ; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “of the officers”; Notes: A “shalish” was an elite warrior or adjutant.
- הוּא (hu) – Root: הוא; Form: Independent pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he”; Notes: Emphatic identification.
- עֲדִינוֹ (ʿAdino) – Root: Possibly עדן or עדן; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʿAdino”; Notes: Name of the warrior.
- הָעֶצְנִי (ha-ʿEtzni) – Root: Possibly from עצן; Form: Definite gentilic; Translation: “the ʿEtzni”; Notes: Possibly denoting clan, region, or characteristic.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: Indicates the object of attack.
- שְׁמֹנֶה מֵאוֹת (shemoneh meʾot) – Root: שׁמנה (eight) + מאות (hundreds); Form: Numeral; Translation: “eight hundred”; Notes: Number of slain.
- חָלָל (ḥalal) – Root: חלל; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “slain”; Notes: Refers to those killed in battle.
- בְּפַעַם (be-faʿam) – Root: פעם; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in one time” or “at once”; Notes: Indicates the action was performed in a single occasion.
- אֶחָד (eḥad) – Root: אחד; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “one”; Notes: Modifies “paʿam.”