וְאַחֲרוֹ אֶלְעָזָ֥ר בֶּן־דּוֹדֹו בֶּן־אֲחֹחִ֑י בִּשְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה גְּבֹרִים עִם־דָּוִ֗ד בְּחָרְפָ֤ם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים נֶאֶסְפוּ־שָׁ֣ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיַּעֲלוּ אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And after him, Eleʿazar son of Dodo son of Aḥoḥi, one of the three mighty men with Dawid, when they taunted the Pelishtim who were gathered there for battle, and the men of Yisraʾel went up.
Morphology
- וְאַחֲרוֹ (veʾaḥaro) – Root: אחר; Form: Conjunction + noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and after him”; Notes: Introduces the next warrior in the list.
- אֶלְעָזָר (Elʿazar) – Root: אלעזר; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Elʿazar”; Notes: Personal name meaning “God has helped.”
- בֶּן־דּוֹדֹו (ben-Dodo) – Root: דוד; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Dodo”; Notes: Patronymic identification.
- בֶּן־אֲחֹחִי (ben-Aḥoḥi) – Root: אחח; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Aḥoḥi”; Notes: Further identification.
- בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה (bishloshah) – Root: שלש; Form: Preposition + numeral masculine singular; Translation: “among the three”; Notes: Indicates Elʿazar was one of the top three warriors.
- גְּבֹרִים (geborim) – Root: גבר; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “mighty men”; Notes: Refers to elite warriors.
- עִם־דָּוִד (ʿim-Dawid) – Root: עם; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “with Dawid”; Notes: Indicates association in battle.
- בְּחָרְפָם (beḥarfam) – Root: חרף; Form: Preposition + verb (Qal infinitive construct) + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “when they taunted”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel provoking the Pelishtim.
- בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים (ba-Pelishtim) – Root: פלשׁת; Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the Pelishtim”; Notes: Traditional enemies of Yisraʾel.
- נֶאֶסְפוּ (neʾesfu) – Root: אסף; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “were gathered”; Notes: Passive form indicating they assembled themselves.
- שָׁם (sham) – Root: שם; Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Indicates location of the battle.
- לַמִּלְחָמָה (la-milḥamah) – Root: לחם; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular definite; Translation: “for battle”; Notes: Purpose of the gathering.
- וַיַּעֲלוּ (vayyaʿalu) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they went up”; Notes: Narrative progression indicating action.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “man”; Notes: Collective singular referring to all the men of Yisraʾel.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: National designation.